Lãnh Thổ Lãnh Hải Việt-Nam: 20260923 CDTL NRM D85 18 July 1974 85. Ghi chú của Ban biên tập.

20260923 CDTL NRM D85 18 July 1974 85. Ghi chú của Ban biên tập.

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d85

Historical Documents - Office of the Historian

Google Translated

Tài liệu số 85

Quan hệ Đối ngoại của Hoa Kỳ, 1969–1976, Tập XVIII, Trung Quốc, 1973–1976

85. Ghi chú của Ban biên tập

Ngày 18 tháng 7 năm 1974, W. Richard Smyser, một thành viên thuộc ban tham mưu Hội đồng An ninh Quốc gia (NSC), đã trình lên Phụ tá Tổng thống phụ trách An ninh Quốc gia Henry Kissinger một bản ghi nhớ có tiêu đề "Chúng ta đang ở đâu tại châu Á?". Liên quan đến Tầu cộng, Smyser viết: "Việc giải quyết vấn đề 'hai Tầu cộng' giữa Bắc Kinh và Washington từng có vẻ dễ dàng hơn khi các chính quyền đều đang ở thế mạnh. Giờ đây, chính sách hòa dịu đang vấp phải sự chỉ trích trong nước; Chu Ân Lai đang lâm bệnh tại Bắc Kinh; ngay cả Tưởng Kinh Quốc (CCK) cũng bắt đầu gặp rắc rối với giới quân sự của mình. Trước khi chúng ta tìm ra công thức bình thường hóa, các cuộc đấu đá chính trị có thể trở nên gay gắt hơn nhiều so với dự kiến. Chúng ta không thể trông chờ vào việc Cộng hòa Nhân dân Tầu cộng (PRC) hay Trung Hoa Dân Quốc (ROC) sẽ tiếp tục sát cánh cùng chúng ta trong tiến trình bình thường hóa đầy khó khăn và phức tạp, hay có thể chấp nhận được mọi bất định về mặt chiến thuật sắp tới. May mắn thay, phía Nga có lẽ sẽ quá lúng túng để có thể tận dụng tình hình này. Ngoài ra, nhiều chính phủ châu Á hiện đang hướng về phía Bắc Kinh, nên những tác động mạnh từ việc chúng ta bình thường hóa quan hệ có thể sẽ không quá nghiêm trọng. Tuy nhiên, mục tiêu ban đầu của chúng ta là bình thường hóa quan hệ mà không gây ra tác động tiêu cực đáng kể trong nước hay tại châu Á sẽ rất khó, và có lẽ là không thể đạt được." Kissinger đã viết và gạch chân dòng chữ "Làm tốt lắm" lên bản ghi nhớ của Smyser. (Cơ quan Lưu trữ Quốc gia, Tài liệu Tổng thống Nixon, Hồ sơ NSC, Hộp 1338, Tài liệu chưa phân loại, năm 1974) [Trang 518]

Ngày 9 tháng 8, sau khi Richard Nixon từ chức, Gerald Ford trở thành Tổng thống Hoa Kỳ. Cuối ngày hôm đó, ông đã gặp Hoàng Trấn (Huang Chen), Trưởng Văn phòng Liên lạc của Cộng hòa Nhân dân Tầu cộng, và khẳng định mong muốn tiếp tục chính sách của Nixon nhằm cải thiện quan hệ giữa hai nước. (Biên bản ghi nhớ cuộc trao đổi, ngày 9 tháng 8, 17:25–17:40; Thư viện Ford, Hồ sơ Biên bản trao đổi của Cố vấn An ninh Quốc gia, Hộp 4, tháng 7–tháng 9 năm 1974) Ngày hôm sau, Kissinger gửi cho Đại sứ Bruce một lá thư của Tổng thống Ford để chuyển tới Chủ tịch Mao, trong đó khẳng định chính quyền mới sẽ tiếp tục thực hiện các chính sách đã được nêu trong Thông cáo Thượng Hải. (Thông điệp qua kênh riêng từ Tòa Bạch Ốc gửi Bruce, ngày 9 tháng 8; tài liệu đã dẫn, Hồ sơ Văn phòng Cánh Tây của Kissinger–Scowcroft, 1969–1977, mục về Tầu cộng, các tài liệu không đánh số [1]) Trong bức điện gửi qua kênh riêng số 66 đề ngày 10 tháng 8, Bruce báo cáo với Kissinger rằng ông đã trao lá thư cho Kiều Quán Hoa (Qiao Guanhua) – người được Chu Ân Lai ủy quyền tiếp nhận thư. (Cơ quan Lưu trữ Quốc gia, Tài liệu Tổng thống Nixon, Hồ sơ NSC, Hồ sơ Văn phòng Kissinger, Hộp 96, Hồ sơ Quốc gia, Viễn Đông, Các trao đổi với Tầu cộng, 1 tháng 4–8 tháng 8 năm 1974)

Sources

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/sources

Abbreviations and Terms

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/terms

Persons

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/persons

China, 1973–1976

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/comp1

Political Turmoil in the United States, June 1973–September 1974 (Documents 35–87)

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/ch2

1. Document 85

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XVIII, China, 1973–1976

85. Editorial Note

On July 18, 1974, NSC Staff member W. Richard Smyser submitted to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs, Henry Kissinger, a memorandum with the title, “Where Do We Stand in Asia?” In regard to China, Smyser wrote, “Solving the two-China problem between Peking and Washington looked easier when all the governments were strong. Now détente is under fire at home; Chou En-Lai is sick in Peking; even CCK[Chiang Ching-kuo] is starting to have problems with his military. Before we work out a normalization formula, the politicking may get a lot nastier than we had hoped. We cannot count on either the PRC or the ROC to remain on course with us in the difficult and complex process of normalization, or to be able to tolerate all the upcoming tactical uncertainties. Fortunately, the Russians will probably be too inept to pick up the pieces. Also, many Asian governments are now moving toward Peking, so the shock waves of our normalization may not be too severe. But our initial objective of normalizing relations without substantial adverse impact at home or in Asia will be difficult and perhaps impossible to reach.” Kissinger wrote and underscored, “Good job” on Smyser’s memorandum. (National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 1338, Unfiled Materials, 1974)

[Page 518]

On August 9, after Richard Nixon’s resignation, Gerald Ford became President of the United States. Later that day, he met with Huang Chen, Chief of the PRC Liaison Office, and affirmed his desire to continue Nixon’s policy of improving relations between their two countries. (Memorandum of conversation, August 9, 5:25–5:40 p.m.; Ford Library, National Security Adviser Memcons, Box 4, July–September 1974) The next day, Kissinger sent Ambassador Bruce a letter to be delivered to Chairman Mao from President Ford indicating that the new administration would continue the policies expressed in the Shanghai Communiqué. (Backchannel message from the White House to Bruce, August 9; ibid., Kissinger–Scowcroft West Wing Office Files, 1969–1977, China, unnumbered items [1]) Bruce reported in backchannel telegram 66 to Kissinger, August 10, that he delivered the letter to Qiao Guanhua, who had been entrusted by Zhou to receive it. (National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 96, Country Files, Far East, China Exchanges, April 1–August 8, 1974)

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d85

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/pg_518

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Bruce, David K.E.,

Head of the U.S. Delegation to the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks from July 1970 until July 1971

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce

https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/oral-histories/bruce

https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/02/archives/nixon-appoints-bruce-as-leader-at-peace-talks-says-on-tv-he-has-no.html

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v07/d41

https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bruce-david-kirkpatrick-este

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/persons

https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/235113/

https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/upi_vietnam/95/

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Priscilla-Roberts-2/publication/314258867_%27I_Begin_to_Think_of_Myself_as_a_Marco_Polo%27_David_Bruce_in_China_1973-1974_Occasional_paper_No_1_Keele_David_Bruce_Centre_for_American_Studies_Keele_University_1999/links/58f39faea6fdcc11e569f1b0/I-Begin-to-Think-of-Myself-as-a-Marco-Polo-David-Bruce-in-China-1973-1974-Occasional-paper-No-1-Keele-David-Bruce-Centre-for-American-Studies-Keele-University-1999.pdf

Chiang Ching-kuo, Tưởng Kinh Quốc! Jiang Jingguo (Chiang Ching-kuo), son of Jiang Jieshi; ROC Premier

General, Defense Minister of the Republic of China from January 1965

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https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/research-guides/modern-biographical-files-ndl/modern-bios-f/ford-gerald.html

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https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB79/BEBB23.pdf

https://www.facebook.com/NixonPresidentialLibrary/posts/otd-5301973-president-nixon-met-to-discuss-us-china-relations-with-dr-henry-kiss/1102544875230224/

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President of the United States

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https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/nixons-trip-china

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April 26, 2016 Last Aired June 5, 2016

Vietnam War Commander in Chief

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/vietnam-war-commanders-in-chief/439971

June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 22, 2013

Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 2

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-2/258425

June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 15, 2013

Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 1

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-1/257651

January 27, 2012 Last Aired June 11, 2012

President Nixon's Secret White House Tapes

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/president-nixons-secret-white-house-tapes/277123

July 25, 1994 Last Aired June 20, 2008

Watergate: Corruption of American Politics

https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/watergate-corruption-of-american-politics/119480

February 16, 2003 Last Aired December 25, 2003

Presidential Tapes: Taping Systems History

https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/presidential-tapes-taping-systems-history/122572

Alexander Butterfield: The 60 Minutes Watergate Interview (1975)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss9AkLUmM4g

Watergate Hearing: Alexander Butterfield Testimony

https://www.c-span.org/clip/congress-investigates/watergate-hearing-alexander-butterfield-testimony/5118203

Alexander Butterfield Was ‘Worried To Death’ Testifying Against Nixon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c52oIe3Gj6w

How Nixon’s Invasion of Cambodia Triggered a Check on Presidential Power

Vietnam War Cambodia and Laos

https://www.history.com/articles/nixon-war-powers-act-vietnam-war-cambodia

Nixon's Vietnam Visit 1965, Rare Film Unearthed

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaTi8OEpINI

Nixon on LBJ and Vietnam: Where Did It All Go Wrong?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n-4o3vOYD4

1969 July 30_Tổng Thống Hoa Kỳ 🇺🇸 Richard M. Nixon Thăm Việt Nam Cộng Hoà.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRp4v6M6YJw&t=19s

Chiao Kuan-hua, (Qiao Guanhua)

Vice Foreign Minister, People’s Republic of China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiao_Guanhua

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/d124

https://archive.sacu.org/archive/photo-cards/box-a/a07/1966374-0561-chiao-kuan-hua-speaks-at-27th-session-of-un-general-assembly-chiafront?

https://www.marxists.org/subject/china/china-reconstructs/1974/CR1974-12-Sup.pdf

SYND 25-11-71 CHINESE DELEGATE CHIAO KUAN HUA SPEAKS ABOUT DISARMAMENT AT THE UN

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjnyWtitbrg

Scowcroft, Brent,

General, USAF, Military Assistant to the President until 1973; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from August 1973 until 1975

https://warontherocks.com/2020/08/brent-scowcroft-and-american-military-intervention/

https://warontherocks.com/2020/08/blame-it-on-the-blob-how-to-evaluate-american-grand-strategy/

https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/aspen-strategy-group/about-asg/

https://www.whitehouse.gov/piab/

https://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/titles/bartholomew-sparrow/the-strategist/9781586489632/

http://web1.millercenter.org/poh/transcripts/ohp_1999_1112_scowcroft.pdf

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/12/us/politics/brent-scowcroft.html

https://www.thecipherbrief.com/column_article/remembering-brent-scowcrofts-accomplishments-on-arms-control

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-08-13/scowcroft-model

https://archive.org/stream/towercommission00unit?ref=ol#mode/2up

https://www.penguinrandomhouse.ca/books/253135/the-man-who-ran-washington-by-peter-baker-and-susan-glasser/9780385540551

https://www.twelvebooks.com/titles/philip-zelikow/to-build-a-better-world/9781538764688/