20260917 CDTL NRM D79 24 April 1974 79. Bản ghi nhớ của Phụ tá Tổng thống Kissinger gửi Tổng thống Nixon.
Historical
Documents - Office of the Historian
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d79
Google Translated
Tài liệu số 79
Quan hệ Đối ngoại của Hoa Kỳ, 1969–1976, Tập
XVIII, Trung Quốc, 1973–1976
79. Bản ghi nhớ của Phụ tá Tổng thống phụ
trách Các vấn đề An ninh Quốc gia Kissinger gửi Tổng thống Nixon
Washington, ngày 24 tháng 4 năm 1974.
CHỦ ĐỀ
Bán thiết bị hạt nhân cho CHND Tầu cộng
Ủy ban các Thứ trưởng (USC) đã báo cáo với Ngài
rằng một số công ty Hoa Kỳ đang tìm kiếm sự cho phép để đàm phán việc
bán các lò phản ứng điện hạt nhân và nhiên liệu uranium cho CHND Tầu
cộng (Tài liệu B). Chưa có quốc gia cộng sản nào mua lò phản ứng
điện hạt nhân của phương Tây, và đối với trường hợp của CHND Tầu cộng,
các hiệp định liên chính phủ cần thiết để điều chỉnh việc mua bán và chuyển
giao thiết bị cũng như nhiên liệu hạt nhân hiện vẫn chưa được thiết lập.
Nghiên cứu của USC đã kết luận rằng việc xuất
khẩu các lò phản ứng nước nhẹ và nhiên liệu uranium làm giàu thấp sẽ phù hợp với
chính sách thúc đẩy thương mại với CHND Tầu cộng của chúng ta,
không gây ra tác động bất lợi về mặt chiến lược, và không trái với các nghĩa vụ
của chúng ta theo Hiệp ước Không phổ biến Vũ khí Hạt nhân (NPT). [Trang
500]
Để các hoạt động xuất khẩu này có thể được tiến hành,
USC khuyến nghị chúng ta nên bày tỏ với phía Tầu cộng sự sẵn
sàng ký kết một hiệp định liên chính phủ song phương tiêu chuẩn về chuyển giao
hạt nhân. Hiệp định này sẽ quy định việc áp dụng các biện pháp bảo đảm an toàn
hạt nhân (safeguards), theo đúng yêu cầu của chúng ta đối với mọi hoạt động xuất
khẩu hạt nhân sang bất kỳ quốc gia nào.
Các yêu cầu xuất khẩu hạt nhân trong tương lai sang
các nước cộng sản sẽ tiếp tục được xem xét dựa trên từng trường hợp cụ thể.
Tôi kiến nghị Ngài phê chuẩn các khuyến nghị của USC,
bao gồm cả việc áp dụng các biện pháp bảo đảm an toàn hạt nhân của Hoa Kỳ,
cho đến khi CHND Tầu cộng chính thức tham gia Cơ quan Năng
lượng Nguyên tử Quốc tế (IAEA) và chịu sự giám sát theo các quy định bảo đảm
an toàn của cơ quan này. (Nếu sau đó CHND Tầu cộng rút khỏi IAEA,
các biện pháp bảo đảm an toàn của Hoa Kỳ sẽ lại có hiệu lực.) Ủy ban Hỗn
hợp Quốc hội về Năng lượng Nguyên tử sẽ được thông báo nếu CHND
Tầu cộng tỏ ý quan tâm đến việc đàm phán hiệp định liên chính phủ
song phương nêu trên.
Kiến nghị
Đề nghị Ngài phê chuẩn việc chúng ta xúc tiến ký kết với
CHND Tầu cộng một hiệp định liên chính phủ về năng lượng nguyên
tử có các điều khoản bảo đảm an toàn hạt nhân tiêu chuẩn, qua đó tạo cơ sở cần
thiết cho việc có thể bán các lò phản ứng điện hạt nhân và nhiên liệu hạt nhân
của Hoa Kỳ. Sau khi được Ngài phê chuẩn, tôi sẽ ký văn bản chỉ đạo triển khai cần
thiết tại Mục A.
1. Nguồn:
Thư viện Ford, Hồ sơ Cơ quan NSC (H-Files), Hộp H–53, NSDM 261, Bán công
nghệ hạt nhân cho CHND Tầu cộng. Mật. Được gửi đi để xử lý. Một
dòng ghi chú có đóng dấu trên bản ghi nhớ cho thấy Nixon đã xem văn bản
này. Theo một bản dự thảo đính kèm (không ghi ngày tháng) của bản ghi nhớ này,
Scowcroft và McFarlane đã sửa đổi văn bản vào ngày 26 tháng 3. McFarlane
tiếp tục sửa đổi phần kiến nghị vào ngày 24 tháng 4. Solomon và David
Elliot đã gửi bản ghi nhớ này cho Kissinger kèm theo một bản ghi nhớ
tóm tắt đề ngày 22 tháng 3.↩
2. Được
đính kèm nhưng không in ra. Vào ngày 31 tháng 10 năm 1973, Chủ tịch Ủy ban các
Thứ trưởng đã yêu cầu một nhóm công tác liên cơ quan, dưới sự chỉ đạo của Bộ
Ngoại giao, nghiên cứu vấn đề bán công nghệ hạt nhân cho Cộng hòa Nhân
dân Tầu cộng. Thứ trưởng Ngoại giao Rush, Chủ tịch nhóm này,
đã trình báo cáo lên Tổng thống vào ngày 14 tháng 2 năm 1974. (Bản ghi
nhớ từ Rush gửi Nixon, ngày 14 tháng 2; tài liệu đã dẫn.)↩
3. Bản
dự thảo NSDM được đính kèm nhưng không in ra. Nixon đã ký tắt vào
mục "Phê duyệt". Hồ sơ thư từ đính kèm cho thấy ông đưa ra quyết định
này vào ngày 1 tháng 5. Để xem văn bản NSDM đã ký, hãy xem Tài liệu 83.↩
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/sources
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/terms
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/persons
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/comp1
1.
Document 79
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume
XVIII, China, 1973–1976
79.
Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs
(Kissinger) to President Nixon1
Washington, April 24, 1974.
SUBJECT
· Nuclear
Sales to the PRC
The Under Secretaries Committee (USC) has reported to you
that several U.S. companies are seeking authorization to negotiate the sale of
nuclear power reactors and uranium fuel to the PRC (Tab B).2 No
Communist country has purchased Western power reactors, and as far as
the PRC is concerned, the necessary intergovernmental agreements
regulating the sale and transfer of nuclear equipment and fuel are not in
place.
The USC’s study has concluded that the export of light
water reactors and slightly enriched uranium fuel would be consistent with our
policy of facilitating the development of trade with the PRC, would have
no adverse strategic implications, and would not be contrary to our obligations
under the NPT.
In order that these exports might proceed, the USC
recommends that we should indicate to the Chinese our willingness to conclude a
standard bilateral intergovernmental agreement for nuclear transfers. This
agreement would provide for the application of safeguards, as we require for
all nuclear exports to any country.
Future requests for nuclear exports to Communist countries
would continue to be considered on a case-by-case basis.
I recommend that you approve the USC’s
recommendations, including the imposition of U.S. safeguards, until such time
that the PRC takes its seat in the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA) and becomes subject to its safeguards. (If the PRC, subsequently,
were to withdraw from the IAEA, the U.S. safeguards would again become
operative.) The Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy would be
informed if the PRC indicates interest in negotiating the bilateral
intergovernmental agreement.
Recommendation
That you approve our offering to conclude with
the PRC an intergovernmental atomic energy agreement with standard
safeguard provisions, thereby establishing the necessary conditions for
possible sale of U.S. nuclear power reactors and fuel. Subject to your
approval, I will sign the necessary implementing directive at Tab A.3
1.
Source: Ford Library, NSC Institutional Files
(H-Files), Box H–53, NSDM 261, Nuclear Sales to the PRC. Secret.
Sent for action. A stamped notation on the memorandum
indicates Nixon saw it. According to an attached, undated draft of
this memorandum, Scowcroft and McFarlane revised it on
March 26. McFarlane further revised the recommendation section on
April 24. Solomon and David Elliot sent this
memorandum to Kissinger under a March 22 covering memorandum
summarizing it.↩
2.
Attached but not printed. On October 31, 1973, the Chairman
of the Under Secretaries Committee requested that an interagency working group,
under the leadership of the Department of State, study the question of nuclear
sales to the People’s Republic of China. Deputy Secretary of State Rush,
Chairman of this group, submitted the report to the President on February 14,
1974. (Memorandum from Rush to Nixon, February 14; ibid.)↩
3.
The draft NSDM is attached but not
printed. Nixon initialed the Approve option. The attached
correspondence profile indicates that he made this decision on May 1. For the
signed NSDM, see Document 83.↩
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d79
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/pg_500
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d83
Head of the U.S. Delegation to the (plenary)
Paris Peace Talks from July 1970 until July 1971
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce
https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/oral-histories/bruce
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v07/d41
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/persons
https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/235113/
https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/upi_vietnam/95/
Kim Il-sung (Kim Il Sung),
President (Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People’s Assembly)
of the DPRK and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers’
Party of Korea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kim-Il-Sung
https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/northkorea/74220.htm
https://world.kbs.co.kr/special/northkorea/contents/archives/supreme_leader/kim_il_sung.htm?lang=e
Kim Il-sung (Kim Il Sung),
President (Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People’s Assembly)
of the DPRK and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers’
Party of Korea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kim-Il-Sung
https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/northkorea/74220.htm
https://world.kbs.co.kr/special/northkorea/contents/archives/supreme_leader/kim_il_sung.htm?lang=e
Henry A Kissinger
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until
November 3, 1975; also Secretary of State from September 21, 1973
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger
https://www.theguardian.com/world/bilderberg
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/summary
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip
https://china.usc.edu/catalog/documents/us-china
http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2001/nr01-47.html
https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-july-22-august-3-2011
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#meetings
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#nixon-announcement
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#chinese-accept
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#signals
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#the_aim
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d12
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d13
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d141
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger_and_the_Vietnam_War
Lesson in Vietnam from
Kissinger to Nixon: “when we made it “our war” we would not let
the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not
help them fight it.”
(We
also had trouble with excesses here: when we
made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again
became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we
prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared
themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force
invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280
Lesson of Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf
https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html
“Richard M. Nixon and Kissinger on 3 August 1972,” Conversation 760-006,
Presidential Recordings Digital Edition [Fatal Politics, ed. Ken Huges]
(Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2014-). URL:https://prde.upress.virginia.edu/conversations/4006748
https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0
https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0
Discover the Truth at:
https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-cias-vietnam-document-cd-rom/
The secret life of Henry
Kissinger minutes of a 1975 meeting with Lawrence Eagleburger
https://etan.org/news/kissinger/secret.htm
Henry Kissinger and the Truth About Negotiations In Vietnam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5fxxKVfX5g
Henry Kissinger - Secrets of a superpower | DW Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWVMTKeAwlA
The Untold Truth of Henry Kissinger
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iheZdvWdbI&t=1s
Was Henry Kissinger a War Criminal?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COqq7862wcU&t=25s
McFarlane, Robert C. “Bud”,
Lieutenant Colonel, USMC, Military
Assistant to Henry Kissinger and Brent Scowcroft from 1973
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McFarlane_(American_government_official)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counselor_of_the_United_States_Department_of_State
https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/public/archives/textual/smof/mcfarlan.pdf
https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/archives/white-house-inventory/mcfarlane-robert-c-bud-files-1982-1985
https://www.nixonfoundation.org/2022/05/remembering-robert-bud-mcfarlane/
Nixon Richard M.,
Vice President of the United States
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Nixon, Richard M.,
President of the United States
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Nixon
had a Trip to China from February 21 to 28 1972,
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/nixons-trip-china
http://www.presidentialtimeline.org/
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.mp3
https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault-vietnam/2023-03-24/movement-and-madman
The Vietnam War Johnson
and Nixon Administrations Videos
March 2, 2016 Last
Aired May 5, 2016
https://www.c-span.org/program/the-presidency/reflections-on-richard-nixon/431130
July 16, 1973 Last
Aired July 22, 2013
Senate
Watergate Committee Testimony
https://www.c-span.org/program/vignette/senate-watergate-committee-testimony/316346
April 26, 2016 Last Aired June 5, 2016
Vietnam
War Commander in Chief
https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/vietnam-war-commanders-in-chief/439971
June 12, 2008 Last
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Alexander
Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 2
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Alexander
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January 27, 2012
Last Aired June 11, 2012
President
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https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/president-nixons-secret-white-house-tapes/277123
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Watergate:
Corruption of American Politics
https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/watergate-corruption-of-american-politics/119480
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Last Aired December 25, 2003
Presidential
Tapes: Taping Systems History
https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/presidential-tapes-taping-systems-history/122572
Alexander
Butterfield: The 60 Minutes Watergate Interview (1975)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss9AkLUmM4g
Watergate Hearing:
Alexander Butterfield Testimony
Alexander
Butterfield Was ‘Worried To Death’ Testifying Against Nixon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c52oIe3Gj6w
How Nixon’s Invasion
of Cambodia Triggered a Check on Presidential Power
Vietnam War Cambodia
and Laos
https://www.history.com/articles/nixon-war-powers-act-vietnam-war-cambodia
Nixon's Vietnam Visit 1965, Rare Film Unearthed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaTi8OEpINI
Nixon on LBJ and Vietnam: Where Did It All Go Wrong?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n-4o3vOYD4
1969 July 30_Tổng Thống Hoa Kỳ 🇺🇸 Richard M. Nixon Thăm Việt Nam Cộng Hoà.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRp4v6M6YJw&t=19s
Under Secretary of State, January 23, 1969–June 23, 1970;
thereafter, Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliot_Richardson
https://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571290/elliot-l-richardson/
https://www.ssa.gov/history/richards.html
https://www.discoverlbj.org/item/richardsone
Rush, Kenneth,
Deputy Secretary of Defense until
January 29, 1973; Deputy Secretary of State from February 2, 1973, until May
29, 1974
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Rush
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Kenneth_Rush
Scowcroft, Brent,
General, USAF, Military Assistant to the
President until 1973; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security
Affairs from August 1973 until 1975
https://warontherocks.com/2020/08/brent-scowcroft-and-american-military-intervention/
https://warontherocks.com/2020/08/blame-it-on-the-blob-how-to-evaluate-american-grand-strategy/
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https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300233827/post-wall-post-square
https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/War-in-a-Time-of-Peace/David-Halberstam/9781501141508
https://www.adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Inderfurth,Karl%20F.toc.pdf
https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB1029371773228069195
https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/25/opinion/the-right-way-to-change-a-regime.html
https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/592622/to-start-a-war-by-robert-draper/
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/de9b/be3fa428073b76a05fbb58739bf3279c3664.pdf
https://www.ft.com/content/de843f6e-0be1-4667-8a9f-f397cf840e72
https://www.houseofnames.com/brent-family-crest
https://www.houseofnames.com/dpreview/BRENT/EN/Brent/family-crest-coat-of-arms.png
https://www.houseofnames.com/cdn/webp/i/prod/520x520/surnamecomplete_gold.webp
https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/aspen-strategy-group/lt-general-brent-scowcroft/
https://dpaa-mil.sites.crmforce.mil/dpaaProfile?id=a0Jt000000sxxIFEAY
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/document/0204/7505562.pdf
https://news.virginia.edu/content/uvas-miller-center-releases-secret-brent-scowcroft-oral-history
Solomon, Richard H.,
member, National Security Council
staff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_H._Solomon
https://www.academyofdiplomacy.org/members-1/solomon/richard-h.
https://carnegiecouncil.org/people/richard-h-solomon
https://www.c-span.org/person/richard-h-solomon/9004/
https://www.chinafile.com/contributors/richard-h-solomon
https://findingaids.lib.umich.edu/catalog/umich-bhl-2008034
https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/nomination-richard-h-solomon-be-assistant-secretary-state
/https:/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg){kind=link}
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