20260805 CDTL NRM D36 13 June 1973 36. Ghi chú của Ban
biên tập.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d36
Google Translated
Tài liệu số 36
Quan hệ Đối ngoại của Hoa Kỳ, 1969–1976, Tập
XVIII, Trung Quốc, 1973–1976
36. Ghi chú của Ban biên tập
Ngày 13 tháng 6 năm 1973, Henry Kissinger, Trợ
lý Tổng thống phụ trách các vấn đề An ninh Quốc gia, đã đến gặp Cơ
Bằng Phi (Ji Pengfei), Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Tầu cộng,
tại tư dinh của Đại sứ Tầu cộng ở Paris. Ông
Kissinger đề nghị Chính phủ Tầu cộng hỗ trợ nỗ lực của Hoa
Kỳ nhằm ổn định tình hình tại Campuchia, nhưng ông Cơ
trả lời rằng ông khó có thể làm được gì nhiều cho đến khi Hoàng thân Norodom
Sihanouk – người đứng đầu Chính phủ lưu vong Campuchia – trở về Bắc
Kinh. Bản ghi chép nội dung cuộc gặp hiện được lưu giữ tại Cơ quan Lưu
trữ Quốc gia (National Archives), trong mục Tài liệu Tổng thống Nixon
(Nixon Presidential Materials), Hồ sơ Hội đồng An ninh Quốc gia
(NSC Files), Hồ sơ Văn phòng Kissinger (Kissinger Office Files), Hộp
94, Hồ sơ Quốc gia (Country Files), Khu vực Viễn Đông (Far East), Các cuộc
trao đổi với Tầu cộng (China Exchanges), giai đoạn từ ngày
16 tháng 5 đến ngày 13 tháng 6 năm 1973.
Ngày hôm sau, 14 tháng 6, Kissinger đã gặp Hoàng
Trấn (Huang Zhen) – Trưởng Văn phòng Liên lạc của Cộng hòa Nhân
dân Trung Hoa tại Hoa Kỳ – ngay tại văn phòng của ông ở Tòa Bạch
Ốc. Kissinger đã trao cho ông Hoàng một bản ghi nhớ giải
thích về việc Hoa Kỳ ủng hộ giải thể Ủy ban Liên Hợp Quốc về Thống
nhất và Phục hồi Triều Tiên (UNCURK) cũng như quyết định hoãn thảo luận
về tương lai của Bộ chỉ huy Liên Hợp Quốc (UNC). (Bản ghi nhớ từ Kennedy
gửi Kissinger, ngày 14 tháng 6; tài liệu cùng nguồn, Hộp 99, Hồ sơ Quốc
gia, Viễn Đông, PRC–UNCURK/UNC)
Về vấn đề Đông Nam Á, Kissinger nhận xét:
“Chúng ta không thể nhấn mạnh đủ rằng yếu tố then chốt ở Đông Dương hiện
nay là Campuchia, và mọi việc khác sẽ dễ dàng hơn một khi vấn đề đó được
giải quyết.” Kissinger cũng mô tả chương trình nghị sự cho hội nghị thượng
đỉnh sắp tới với Brezhnev, dự kiến bắt đầu vào ngày 18 tháng 6. Liên
quan đến các cuộc đàm phán về hạn chế vũ khí chiến lược, Kissinger tuyên
bố rằng sẽ có một “thỏa thuận về các nguyên tắc,” nhưng không có “thỏa thuận cụ
thể.” Kissinger cũng đề cập đến sự không hài lòng của Chính phủ Tầu cộng đối
với kế hoạch của Mỹ và Liên Xô về một “Thỏa thuận về ngăn ngừa chiến
tranh hạt nhân.” Hai tuần trước đó, Chính phủ Tầu cộng đã lên án
thỏa thuận này là một nỗ lực nhằm thiết lập “bá quyền hạt nhân của Mỹ và
Liên Xô.” (Xem chú thích 2, Tài liệu 34.) Kissinger lưu ý, “Chúng
tôi đã quyết định tiếp tục [thỏa thuận] mặc dù chúng tôi rất coi trọng quan điểm
của ông. Điều quan trọng là ông phải hiểu lập trường của chúng tôi. Nếu chúng
tôi muốn thiết lập bá quyền với Liên Xô, chúng tôi không cần một thỏa
thuận. Chúng tôi có nhiều đề nghị [Trang 272] mà không cần một thỏa thuận.”
(Biên bản cuộc trò chuyện; Cục Lưu trữ Quốc gia, Tài liệu Tổng thống Nixon,
Hồ sơ NSC, Hồ sơ Văn phòng Kissinger, Hộp 95, Hồ sơ Quốc gia, Viễn
Đông, Trao đổi với Tầu cộng, ngày 14 tháng 6 – 9 tháng 7 năm
1973)
Đáp lại lập trường của Kissinger, Huang
đã đưa ra một công văn từ Chính phủ Tầu cộng bác bỏ thỏa thuận do
Mỹ-Trung đề nghị, trong đó yêu cầu hai nước tham vấn lẫn nhau trước khi
tiến hành các cuộc đàm phán có thể ảnh hưởng đến quốc gia kia. Kissinger và
Nixon đã đề xuất thỏa thuận như vậy nhằm xoa dịu mối lo ngại của Tầu cộng
về sự hợp tác giữa Mỹ và Liên Xô trong việc ngăn chặn chiến
tranh hạt nhân. (Xem chú thích 2, Tài liệu 34). Công văn của Tầu cộng nêu
rõ: “Tuyên bố chung do Tiến sĩ Kissinger đề nghị vào ngày 29 tháng 5 về
nguyên tắc không vượt quá phạm vi của Thông cáo Thượng Hải, mà ngược lại,
trên thực tế, sẽ tạo cớ cho Liên Xô thúc đẩy các thỏa thuận song phương
và hệ thống an ninh châu Á của mình.” (Cục Lưu trữ Quốc gia, Tài liệu Tổng
thống Nixon, Hồ sơ NSC, Hồ sơ Văn phòng Kissinger, Hộp 95, Hồ sơ Quốc
gia, Viễn Đông, Trao đổi với Tầu cộng, ngày 14 tháng 6 - 9
tháng 7 năm 1973)
Sources
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/sources
Abbreviations and Terms
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/terms
Persons
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/persons
China, 1973–1976
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/comp1
Political Turmoil in the United States, June 1973–September
1974 (Documents 35–87)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/ch2
1. Document 36
Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1969–1976, Volume XVIII, China, 1973–1976
36. Editorial Note
On June 13, 1973, Henry Kissinger, the President’s Assistant for National
Security Affairs, visited Ji Pengfei, the Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs,
at the residence of the Chinese Ambassador in Paris. Kissinger requested that
the Chinese Government assist American efforts to stabilize the situation in
Cambodia, but Ji replied that he could do little until Prince Norodom Sihanouk,
head of the Cambodian Government in exile, returned to Beijing. A memorandum of
conversation of the meeting is in National Archives, Nixon Presidential
Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 94, Country Files, Far East,
China Exchanges, May 16-June 13, 1973.
The following day, June 14, Kissinger met in his White House office with
Huang Zhen, Chief of the PRC Liaison Office in the United States. Kissinger
gave Huang a memorandum that explained U.S. support for the dissolution of the
United Nations Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea
(UNCURK) and the decision to postpone discussion of the future of the United
Nations Command. (Memorandum from Kennedy to Kissinger, June 14; ibid., Box 99,
Country Files, Far East, PRC–UNCURK/UNC)
On the subject of Southeast Asia, Kissinger remarked, “We can’t reiterate
enough that the key element in Indochina is now Cambodia, and everything else
will be easy once that is settled.” Kissinger also described the agenda for the
upcoming summit with Brezhnev, which was to begin on June 18. Concerning the
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, Kissinger stated that there would be an
“agreement on the principles,” but no “concrete agreement.” Kissinger also
addressed the Chinese Government’s displeasure with U.S.-Soviet plans for an “Agreement
on the Prevention of Nuclear War.” Two weeks earlier, the Chinese Government
had decried this agreement as an attempt to establish a “U.S.-Soviet nuclear
hegemony.” (See footnote 2, Document 34.) Kissinger noted,
“We have decided to proceed [with the agreement] even though we take your views
extremely seriously. It is important for you to understand our position. If we
want to establish hegemony with the Soviet Union, we don’t need an agreement.
We have many offers [Page 272] without an
agreement.” (Memorandum of conversation; National Archives, Nixon Presidential
Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 95, Country Files, Far East,
China Exchanges, June 14–July 9, 1973)
In response to Kissinger’s position, Huang produced a note from the
Chinese Government rejecting the proposed U.S.–PRC accord requiring the two
countries to consult each other before engaging in negotiations that could
affect the other nation. Kissinger and Nixon had suggested such an accord in
order to alleviate Chinese concern over U.S.-Soviet cooperation in the
prevention of nuclear war. (See footnote 2, Document 34.) The Chinese note
stated, “the joint declaration proposed by Dr. Kissinger on May 29 does not go
beyond the scopes [sic] of the Shanghai Communiqué in principle, but on the
contrary would, in effect, provide the Soviet Union with a pretext to peddle its
bilateral agreements and Asian security system.” (National Archives, Nixon
Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 95, Country
Files, Far East, China Exchanges, June 14–July 9, 1973)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d36
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/pg_272
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d34fn2
Thân thế (các) nhân vật
Brezhnev Leonid,
General Secretary of the Communist Party of
the Soviet Union
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonid-Ilich-Brezhnev
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union
https://www.britannica.com/place/Soviet-Union/The-Brezhnev-era
Huang Zhen (Huang Chen),
PRC Ambassador to France until March 1973; Chief of the PRC Liaison
Office in the United States from March 1973
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_Zhen
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Huang_Zhen
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/72591.pdf
https://mediaclip.ina.fr/en/i24024268-huang-chen-the-traditional-friendship-of-the-french-and-chinese-peoples.html
https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB79/BEBB23.pdf
https://www.facebook.com/NixonPresidentialLibrary/posts/otd-5301973-president-nixon-met-to-discuss-us-china-relations-with-dr-henry-kiss/1102544875230224/
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/sites/default/files/2024-06/1552743.pdf
https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/236303/
https://cutt.ly/3tezOe3t
https://mediaclip.ina.fr/en/caf97507056-credentials-huang-chen-at-the-elysee.html
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/d12
Ji Pengfei (Chi P’eng-fei),
Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, People’s Republic of China, until
April 1971; Acting Foreign Minister until February 1972; Foreign Minister from
February 1972
PRC Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs until April 1971; Acting Foreign
Minister until February 1972; Foreign Minister from February 1972 to November
1974
https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zy/wjrw/3606_665551/202405/t20240531_11367614.html
https://repository.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/en/item/cuhk-3011805
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji_Pengfei
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%AE%B8%E5%AF%92%E5%86%B0/5638890?lemmaFrom=lemma_relation_starMap&fromModule=lemma_relation-starMap&lemmaIdFrom=1485566
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A7%AC%E8%83%9C%E5%BE%B7/12677588?lemmaFrom=lemma_relation_starMap&fromModule=lemma_relation-starMap&lemmaIdFrom=1485566
Kennedy, Richard T.,
Colonel, USA, member, National Security Council staff;
Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Council planning from
1973 until 1975
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_T._Kennedy
https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf4000034s/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Management
https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/kennedy-richard-thomas
https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/kennedy-richard-thomas
https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/principalofficers/under-secretary-for-mgmt
https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/chiefsofmission/representative-to-iaea
https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/principalofficers/ambassador-at-large
Henry A Kissinger
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until
November 3, 1975; also Secretary of State from September 21, 1973
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger
https://www.theguardian.com/world/bilderberg
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/summary
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip
https://china.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/article_node_featured/public/article/featured-image/kissinger-zhou-sm_0.jpg?itok=qDjPx2_m
https://china.usc.edu/catalog/documents/us-china
http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2001/nr01-47.html
https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-july-22-august-3-2011
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#meetings
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#nixon-announcement
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#chinese-accept
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#signals
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#the_aim
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d12
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d13
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d141
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger_and_the_Vietnam_War
Lesson in Vietnam from
Kissinger to Nixon: “when we made it “our war” we would not let
the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not
help them fight it.”
(We
also had trouble with excesses here: when we
made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again
became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we
prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared
themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force
invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280
Lesson of Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf
https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html
“Richard M. Nixon and Kissinger on 3 August 1972,” Conversation 760-006,
Presidential Recordings Digital Edition [Fatal Politics, ed. Ken Huges]
(Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2014-). URL:https://prde.upress.virginia.edu/conversations/4006748
https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0
https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/nixon-kissinger-and-the-decent-interval
https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0
Discover the Truth at:
http://www.theblackvault.com
https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-cias-vietnam-document-cd-rom/
The secret life of Henry
Kissinger minutes of a 1975 meeting with Lawrence Eagleburger
https://etan.org/news/kissinger/secret.htm
Henry Kissinger and the Truth About Negotiations In Vietnam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5fxxKVfX5g
Henry Kissinger - Secrets of a superpower | DW Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWVMTKeAwlA
The Untold Truth of Henry Kissinger
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iheZdvWdbI&t=1s
Was Henry Kissinger a War Criminal?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COqq7862wcU&t=25s
Nixon Richard M.,
Vice President of the United States
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/
https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Nixon, Richard M.,
President of the United States
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/
https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Nixon
had a Trip to China from February 21 to 28 1972,
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/nixons-trip-china
http://www.presidentialtimeline.org/
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.mp3
https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault-vietnam/2023-03-24/movement-and-madman
The Vietnam War Johnson
and Nixon Administrations Videos
March 2, 2016 Last
Aired May 5, 2016
Reflections on Richard Nixon
https://www.c-span.org/program/the-presidency/reflections-on-richard-nixon/431130
July 16, 1973 Last
Aired July 22, 2013
Senate Watergate Committee Testimony
https://www.c-span.org/program/vignette/senate-watergate-committee-testimony/316346
April 26, 2016 Last Aired June 5, 2016
Vietnam War Commander in Chief
https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/vietnam-war-commanders-in-chief/439971
June 12, 2008 Last
Aired July 22, 2013
Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 2
https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-2/258425
June 12, 2008 Last
Aired July 15, 2013
Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 1
https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-1/257651
January 27, 2012
Last Aired June 11, 2012
President Nixon's Secret White House Tapes
https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/president-nixons-secret-white-house-tapes/277123
July 25, 1994 Last
Aired June 20, 2008
Watergate: Corruption of American Politics
https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/watergate-corruption-of-american-politics/119480
February 16, 2003
Last Aired December 25, 2003
Presidential Tapes: Taping Systems History
https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/presidential-tapes-taping-systems-history/122572
Alexander
Butterfield: The 60 Minutes Watergate Interview (1975)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss9AkLUmM4g
Watergate Hearing:
Alexander Butterfield Testimony
https://www.c-span.org/clip/congress-investigates/watergate-hearing-alexander-butterfield-testimony/5118203
Alexander
Butterfield Was ‘Worried To Death’ Testifying Against Nixon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c52oIe3Gj6w
How Nixon’s Invasion
of Cambodia Triggered a Check on Presidential Power
Vietnam War Cambodia
and Laos
https://www.history.com/articles/nixon-war-powers-act-vietnam-war-cambodia
Nixon's Vietnam Visit 1965, Rare Film Unearthed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaTi8OEpINI
Nixon on LBJ and Vietnam: Where Did It All Go Wrong?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n-4o3vOYD4
1969 July 30_Tổng Thống Hoa Kỳ 🇺🇸 Richard M. Nixon Thăm Việt Nam Cộng Hoà.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRp4v6M6YJw&t=19s
Sihanouk, Prince Norodom,
Norodom Sihanouk,
King of Cambodia to March 1955, thereafter
Prince of Cambodia; Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, October 1955–January
1956; Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, and Minister of the Interior,
March–April 1956; Prime Minister, September–October 1956; Prime Minister,
Foreign Minister, Minister of Plans, and Minister of the Interior, April–July
1957
Cambodian Head of State until March 1970;
thereafter, leader of Cambodian Government in exile in Beijing
Prince, Head of State of Cambodia until March
18, 1970; thereafter, leader of the Cambodian government-in-exile in Beijing
(GRUNK)
4/11/75 - Phnom Penh Evacuation
/https:/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg){kind=link}