20260725 CDTL NRM D25 2 April 1973 25. Bản ghi nhớ của
Richard H. Solomon NSCS gửi Phụ tá Tổng thống NSA Kissinger.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d25
Google Translated
Tài liệu số 25
Quan hệ Đối ngoại của Hoa Kỳ, 1969–1976, Tập
XVIII, Trung Quốc, 1973–1976
25. Bản ghi nhớ của Richard H. Solomon thuộc
Ban tham mưu Hội đồng An ninh Quốc gia gửi Phụ tá Tổng thống phụ trách các vấn
đề An ninh Quốc gia Kissinger.
Washington, ngày 2 tháng 4 năm 1973.
CHỦ ĐỀ
Chiến dịch hiện nay của Bắc Kinh nhằm thu
hồi Đài Loan và các phương án hành động cho Hoa Kỳ.
Trước bối cảnh tiến trình bình thường hóa quan hệ Mỹ–Trung
đang được đẩy nhanh, tôi đã tiến hành phân tích các diễn biến gần
đây cho thấy mong muốn của Bắc Kinh trong việc sớm mở đàm phán với Đài
Bắc. Bản phân tích (tại Mục A,) đưa ra những kết luận sau:
—Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa (PRC) đang
gia tăng sức ép lên chính quyền Quốc dân đảng nhằm đạt được một giải
pháp thương lượng về quy chế tương lai của hòn đảo này. Bắc Kinh
đang triển khai các hoạt động trên bốn phương diện:
—Duy trì nỗ lực cô lập Đài Loan trên trường quốc tế.
—Đẩy mạnh việc truyền thông công khai kêu gọi thống nhất.
—Tích cực vận động cộng đồng người Hoa ở nước ngoài
nhằm thúc đẩy các luồng dư luận ủng hộ thống nhất ngay tại hòn đảo này.
—Nhanh chóng tiến tới bình thường hóa quan hệ với
Hoa Kỳ nhằm "gạt sang bên" mối quan hệ giữa Washington và Đài
Bắc.
—Tại Đài Loan, giới lãnh đạo Quốc Dân Đảng
dường như đã thực hiện suôn sẻ quá trình chuyển giao quyền lực từ Tưởng Giới
Thạch sang con trai ông là Tưởng Kinh Quốc. Tuy nhiên, ngày càng có
nhiều sự bất định về việc Trung Hoa Dân Quốc (ROC) nên áp dụng chính
sách nào đối với Bắc Kinh và Hoa Kỳ. Một số cá nhân trong giới lãnh đạo
đã bắt đầu lên tiếng kêu gọi một cách không chính thức để Nhà Trắng thể hiện sự
thẳng thắn hơn về các ý định của mình đối với Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa
(PRC) và Trung Hoa Dân Quốc (ROC). Dường như đang hình thành tâm
lý cam chịu trong công chúng Đài Loan trước viễn cảnh có thể xảy ra một hình
thức hòa giải nào đó giữa Đài Bắc và Bắc Kinh.
—Trong bối cảnh đó, Hoa Kỳ về cơ bản có ba lựa
chọn đối với triển vọng chưa rõ ràng về các cuộc đàm phán giữa hai thủ đô của Tầu
cộng: không làm gì cả; nỗ lực thúc đẩy đàm phán; hoặc đóng vai trò xúc tác
khéo léo hơn mà không trực tiếp đứng ra làm trung gian đàm phán. Những ưu điểm
của phương án thứ ba này được phân tích cụ thể trong bài viết.
—Nghiên cứu kết luận rằng trong thời gian tới, việc thực
hiện các đánh giá định kỳ và có hệ thống hơn về dư luận cũng như các xu hướng
trong giới lãnh đạo Đài Loan liên quan đến vị thế tương lai của hòn đảo
này sẽ mang lại nhiều lợi ích. [Trang 239]
Tuy nhiên, do tính chất nhạy cảm của vấn đề, có thể
Ngài sẽ không muốn thực hiện bất kỳ động thái khác thường nào liên quan đến
việc này.
Khuyến nghị:
Ngài cho phép tiến
hành các đánh giá định kỳ và có hệ thống hơn về dư luận cũng như các xu hướng
trong giới lãnh đạo Đài Loan liên quan đến vị thế tương lai của
hòn đảo.
—Không thực hiện bất kỳ hành động nào vào thời điểm
này.
—Yêu cầu CIA thực hiện công việc này.
—Yêu cầu chúng tôi chuẩn bị cho Ngài các phương án
thay thế khác nằm "ngoài hệ thống" so với cách tiếp cận nêu
trên.
1. Nguồn:
Cơ quan Lưu trữ Quốc gia, Tài liệu Tổng thống Nixon, Hồ sơ NSC, Hộp 526, Hồ sơ
Quốc gia, Viễn Đông, Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa,
Tập 6, tháng 1–tháng 4 năm 1973. Mật; Nhạy cảm. Được gửi đi để xử lý.↩
2. Không
ghi ngày tháng; tài liệu có đính kèm nhưng không được in ra.↩
3. Kissinger
đã
ký tắt vào phương án "Phê duyệt".↩
Sources
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/sources
Abbreviations and Terms
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/terms
Persons
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/persons
China, 1973–1976
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/comp1
Kissinger’s Visits to Beijing and the Establishment of the
Liaison Offices, January 1973–May 1973 (Documents 1–34)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/ch1
1.
Document 25
Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1969–1976, Volume XVIII, China, 1973–1976
25. Memorandum From Richard H. Solomon
of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for
National Security Affairs (Kissinger1
Washington, April 2,
1973.
SUBJECT
- Peking’s
Current Campaign to Recover Taiwan, and Options for the U.S.
In view of the now heightened pace of U.S.–PRC normalization, I have
undertaken an analysis of recent developments which indicate Peking’s desire to
rapidly open negotiations with Taipei. The analysis, at Tab A,2 reaches the following conclusions:
- —the PRC is
increasing its pressures on the Nationalist government to come to a
negotiated solution regarding the future status of the island. Peking is
proceeding at four levels of activity;
- —Sustaining
efforts to isolate Taiwan internationally.
- —Heightening
the visibility of its media appeals for reunification.
- —Actively
cultivating overseas Chinese, who will stimulate opinion trends on the
island for reunification.
- —Moving
rapidly toward normalization with the U.S. in order to “elbow aside”
Washington’s relationship with Taipei.
- —On Taiwan, the
Nationalist leadership appears to have made a smooth transition from
Chiang Kai-shek’s leadership to that of his son Chiang Ching-kuo. However,
there is increasing uncertainty about what policy the ROC should adopt
toward Peking and the U.S. Individuals in the leadership have begun making
informal appeals for greater candor on the part of the White House about
its intentions regarding the PRC and ROC. There appears to be a growing
public mood of fatalism on Taiwan about the likely prospect of some form
of reconciliation between Taipei and Peking.
- —In these
circumstances, the U.S. has essentially three options regarding the
uncertain prospect of negotiations between the two Chinese capitals: do
nothing; attempt to stimulate talks; or play a more subtle catalyzing role
without directly intermediating in negotiations. The virtues of the latter
posture are explored in the analysis.
- —The study
concludes by noting that in the period ahead it would be useful to have
more systematic periodic assessments of public opinion [Page 239] and leadership
trends on Taiwan regarding the future status of the island. Because of the
sensitivity of this issue, however, you may wish to do nothing out of the
ordinary in this regard.
Recommendation:
That you authorize more systematic and periodic assessments of public
opinion and leadership trends on Taiwan regarding the island’s future status.
- —Do nothing at
this time.
- —Request CIA to
undertake such an effort.3
- —Request that
we prepare for you other “outside the system” alternatives to such an
effort
1. Source: National
Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Box 526, Country Files, Far
East, People’s Republic of China, Vol. 6, Jan–Apr 1973. Secret; Sensitive. Sent
for action.↩
2. Undated, attached
but not printed.↩
3. Kissinger initialed
the Approve option.↩
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d25
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/pg_239
Thân thế (các) nhân vật
Chiang Ching-kuo, Tưởng Kinh Quốc!
General, Defense Minister of the Republic of China from January 1965
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China
https://english.president.gov.tw/Page/85
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chiang-Ching-kuo
https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810104605724
https://www.jstor.org/stable/30172507
https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8bv7nz9/entire_text/
https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8bv7nz9/
Chiang Kai-shek, Tưởng Giới Thạch Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek),
President of the ROC until April 5, 1975; Chairman, ROC National
Security Council until 1975; Director-General, Kuomintang, until 1975
Generalissimo, President of the Republic of China
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_National_Government_of_China
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Kuomintang
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Affairs_Commission
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_surname
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C7%8Eng_(surname)
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chiang-Kai-shek
https://www.thoughtco.com/chiang-kai-shek-4588488
https://www.history.com/topics/asian-history/chiang-kai-shek
https://www.britannica.com/summary/Chiang-Kai-shek
https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/chinese-and-taiwanese-history-biographies/chiang-kai-shek
Henry A Kissinger
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until
November 3, 1975; also Secretary of State from September 21, 1973
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger
https://www.theguardian.com/world/bilderberg
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/summary
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip
https://china.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/article_node_featured/public/article/featured-image/kissinger-zhou-sm_0.jpg?itok=qDjPx2_m
https://china.usc.edu/catalog/documents/us-china
http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2001/nr01-47.html
https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-july-22-august-3-2011
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#meetings
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#nixon-announcement
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#chinese-accept
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#signals
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#the_aim
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d12
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d13
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d141
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger_and_the_Vietnam_War
Lesson in Vietnam from
Kissinger to Nixon: “when we made it “our war” we would not let
the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not
help them fight it.”
(We
also had trouble with excesses here: when we
made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again
became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we
prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared
themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force
invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280
Lesson of Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf
https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html
“Richard M. Nixon and Kissinger on 3 August 1972,” Conversation 760-006,
Presidential Recordings Digital Edition [Fatal Politics, ed. Ken Huges]
(Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2014-). URL:https://prde.upress.virginia.edu/conversations/4006748
https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0
https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/nixon-kissinger-and-the-decent-interval
https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0
Discover the Truth at:
http://www.theblackvault.com
https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-cias-vietnam-document-cd-rom/
The secret life of Henry
Kissinger minutes of a 1975 meeting with Lawrence Eagleburger
https://etan.org/news/kissinger/secret.htm
Henry Kissinger and the Truth About Negotiations In Vietnam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5fxxKVfX5g
Henry Kissinger - Secrets of a superpower | DW Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWVMTKeAwlA
The Untold Truth of Henry Kissinger
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iheZdvWdbI&t=1s
Was Henry Kissinger a War Criminal?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COqq7862wcU&t=25s
Nixon Richard M.,
Vice President of the United States
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/
https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Nixon, Richard M.,
President of the United States
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/
https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Nixon
had a Trip to China from February 21 to 28 1972,
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/nixons-trip-china
http://www.presidentialtimeline.org/
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.mp3
https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault-vietnam/2023-03-24/movement-and-madman
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and Nixon Administrations Videos
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https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/watergate-corruption-of-american-politics/119480
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss9AkLUmM4g
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https://www.c-span.org/clip/congress-investigates/watergate-hearing-alexander-butterfield-testimony/5118203
Alexander
Butterfield Was ‘Worried To Death’ Testifying Against Nixon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c52oIe3Gj6w
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of Cambodia Triggered a Check on Presidential Power
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and Laos
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1969 July 30_Tổng Thống Hoa Kỳ 🇺🇸 Richard M. Nixon Thăm Việt Nam Cộng Hoà.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRp4v6M6YJw&t=19s
Solomon, Richard H.,
member, National Security Council
staff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_H._Solomon
https://www.academyofdiplomacy.org/members-1/solomon/richard-h.
https://carnegiecouncil.org/people/richard-h-solomon
https://www.c-span.org/person/richard-h-solomon/9004/
https://www.chinafile.com/contributors/richard-h-solomon
https://findingaids.lib.umich.edu/catalog/umich-bhl-2008034
https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/nomination-richard-h-solomon-be-assistant-secretary-state