20260715 CDTL NRM D15 21 February 1973 15. Cuộc đối thoại giữa Tổng thống Nixon và Phụ tá NSA Kissinger.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d15
Google Translated
Tài liệu số 15
Quan hệ Đối ngoại của Hoa Kỳ, 1969–1976, Tập XVIII, Trung Quốc, 1973–1976
15. Cuộc đối thoại giữa Tổng thống Nixon và Phụ tá NSA Kissinger.
Washington, ngày 21 tháng 2 năm 1973.
Nixon: Cho phép tôi hỏi ông thêm một điều nữa về lập trường đối với Tầu cộng. Tôi thích hai cái tên ông đề nghị, nhưng nếu ông hiểu rõ thì đây là điều chúng ta có Bruce—
Kissinger: Vâng.
Nixon: Tôi tự hỏi liệu chúng ta có thể đề nghị vị trí đó cho Bruce không.
Kissinger: Tôi sẽ phải kiểm tra với phía Tầu cộng xem họ có muốn một người nổi bật như vậy không. Nhưng tôi—
Nixon: Ông hiểu ý tôi chứ?
Kissinger: Nhưng suy nghĩ của chúng ta thực sự rất giống nhau.
[Phần thảo luận về buổi tiếp đón tại Quốc hội đã được lược bỏ.]
Kissinger: Tư duy của chúng ta hoàn toàn trùng khớp. Sau khi rời Tầu cộng, tôi đã nghĩ: tại sao không để Bruce đảm nhận việc này, và...
Nixon: Chà, tôi nghĩ chúng ta thực sự muốn làm vậy [không nghe rõ]. Và có thể họ sẽ không thích điều đó.
Kissinger: Và chúng ta vẫn có thể để Holdridge...
Nixon: Holdridge... nghe này, Holdridge [không nghe rõ] thì cũng được thôi, nhưng Bruce có phong thái rất đẳng cấp. Ông ấy là người am hiểu và có khả năng phán đoán tuyệt vời. Và đó sẽ là một nước đi xuất sắc thể hiện sự đồng thuận lưỡng đảng. [Trang 196]
Kissinger: Và tất nhiên, họ rất trọng người lớn tuổi.
Nixon: Này, nghe đây. Ông cũng hiểu một điều nữa, đây là nước đi mang tính lưỡng đảng; ông ấy là người của Đảng Dân chủ mà. Ông biết đấy? Ông ấy là người duy nhất thuộc giới tinh hoa Đảng Dân chủ mà tôi biết đã ủng hộ chúng ta. Ông có biết ai khác không?
Kissinger: Không. Và chúng ta có thể có thêm hai người nữa. Nếu có Bruce, Jenkins và Holdridge, chúng ta sẽ có một đội ngũ cực kỳ mạnh.
Nixon: Vâng.
Kissinger: Tôi thích Holdridge vì tôi muốn loại bỏ ông ta. Điều đó không phải là phản ánh gì về ông ta cả. Ông ta sẽ làm tốt ở đó nhưng bây giờ tôi cần một người có tư duy hơn.
Nixon: Nhưng ông thấy đấy, chúng ta muốn giữ vị trí này—Bruce sẽ chơi theo luật của chúng ta; ông ta sẽ giữ nó ngoài các kênh của Bộ Ngoại giao. Tất nhiên ai cũng muốn ra đi. Nhưng chúng ta không được để việc này rơi vào tay một người chỉ biết lo cho bản thân. Chúng ta không được phép.
Kissinger: Thưa Tổng thống, nếu ông cử một người chỉ biết lo cho bản thân vào đó, thì thà ông đừng làm còn hơn.
Nixon: Nhưng họ sẽ không hiểu luật chơi.
[Phần thảo luận về Cyrus Vance và Clark Clifford đã được lược bỏ.]
Nixon: Tôi nghĩ chương trình hợp tác với Tầu cộng có thể mang lại nhiều tiềm năng to lớn.
Kissinger: Nhưng việc đó thực sự phải do ông và tôi cùng làm.
Nixon: Chỉ mình tôi thôi!
Kissinger: Chỉ mình tôi.
Nixon: Chỉ mình tôi. Chỉ mình tôi.
Kissinger: Việc này quá nguy hiểm.
Nixon: Ông biết đấy, tôi đã nghĩ rằng—
Kissinger: Nhưng ông biết đấy, thật đáng kinh ngạc, tôi cũng nghĩ y hệt như ông về David Bruce.
[Phần này lược bỏ cuộc thảo luận về thời điểm Tổng thống Nixon gọi điện cho William Downey.]
1. Nguồn: Cơ quan Lưu trữ Quốc gia, Tài liệu Tổng thống Nixon, Các bản ghi âm tại Tòa Bạch Ốc, Cuộc đối thoại số 859–32. Không có dấu hiệu phân loại mật. Biên tập viên đã chép lại các đoạn ghi âm được in ở đây dành riêng cho tập tài liệu này. Theo Nhật ký Hàng ngày của Tổng thống, Nixon đã gặp Kissinger tại Phòng Bầu dục trong khoảng thời gian từ 11:33 sáng đến 12:04 trưa. (Sđd, Hồ sơ Trung tâm Tòa Bạch Ốc)↩
2. Nixon đang chuẩn bị gọi điện cho William Downey – em trai của John Downey – để báo tin rằng John có thể sẽ sớm được trả tự do.↩
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/sources
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/terms
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/persons
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/comp1
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/ch1
1. Document 15
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XVIII, China, 1973–1976
15. Conversation Between President Nixon and his Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)1
Washington, February 21, 1973.
Nixon: Let me ask you one other thing about the China position. I like the two names you suggest, but here is something if you well realize, where we have Bruce—
Kissinger: Yeah.
Nixon: I wonder if we couldn’t offer it to Bruce.
Kissinger: I’ll have to check it with the Chinese whether they want someone quite that visible. But I—
Nixon: See my point?
Kissinger: But our minds have really been working very similarly.
[Omitted here is discussion of a congressional reception.]
Kissinger: Our minds have been working exactly the same wavelength. I was thinking after I left China why not let in Bruce, and—
Nixon: Well I think we do want to [unclear]. And maybe they may not like that.
Kissinger: And we could still have Holdridge—
Nixon: Holdridge—look, Holdridge [unclear] it will work, but Bruce has such class. And he would know, and he has such judgment. And it would be a hell of a bipartisan stroke.
Kissinger: And, of course, they love old men.
Nixon: Well, listen. You understand another thing, it’s a bipartisan stroke; he’s a Democrat. You know? He’s the only establishment Democrat I know that supported us. Do you know any other?
Kissinger: No. And we could have the two others. If we had Bruce, Jenkins and Holdridge we would have one powerhouse team.
Nixon: Yeah.
Kissinger: I’d like Holdridge because I’d like to get rid of him. That’s no reflection on him. He’d be good there but I need a somewhat more intellectual type here now.
Nixon: But you see, we want to keep it—Bruce will play our game; he’ll keep it out of the State Department channels. Everybody of course would want to go. But we must not let this go to a career man. We must not.
Kissinger: Mr. President, if you send a career man there, you might as well—you’re better off not having it.
Nixon: But they won’t understand the game.
[Omitted here is discussion of Cyrus Vance and Clark Clifford.]
Nixon: I think the program of working with the Chinese can have great possibilities.
Kissinger: But that really has to be done by you and me.
Nixon: Alone!
Kissinger: Alone.
Nixon: Alone. Alone.
Kissinger: This is too dangerous.
Nixon: You know I was thinking that—
Kissinger: But you know, it’s amazing, I thought exactly the same thing about David Bruce as you did.
[Omitted here is discussion of the timing of President Nixon’s call to William Downey.]2
1. Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, White House Tapes, Conversation No. 859–32. No classification marking. The editor transcribed the portions of the tape recording printed here specifically for this volume. According to the President’s Daily Diary, Nixon met with Kissinger in the Oval Office between 11:33 a.m. and 12:04 p.m. (Ibid., White House Central Files)↩
2. Nixon was preparing to call William Downey, the brother of John Downey, with the news that John would probably be released soon.↩
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d15
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/pg_196
Thân thế (các) nhân vật
Head of the U.S. Delegation to the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks from July 1970 until July 1971
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce
https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/oral-histories/bruce
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v07/d41
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/persons
https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/235113/
https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/upi_vietnam/95/
member, National Security Council Operations staff/East Asia until April 1973; co-Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Beijing from 1973 until 1975
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_H._Holdridge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Indonesia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_Republic_of_Singapore
https://www.uscpf.org/v2/johnholdridge.html
https://www.nndb.com/people/033/000127649/
https://www.uscpf.org/v2/holdridgebio.html
Jenkins, Alfred Le S.,
staff member, National Security Council, from July 1966
https://www.discoverlbj.org/exhibits/show/loh/pres/nsf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_L._Jenkins
https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/nsc/history.html
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v29p1/persons
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v29p1/d123
Henry A Kissinger
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until November 3, 1975; also Secretary of State from September 21, 1973
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger
https://www.theguardian.com/world/bilderberg
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/summary
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip
https://china.usc.edu/catalog/documents/us-china
http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2001/nr01-47.html
https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-july-22-august-3-2011
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#meetings
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#nixon-announcement
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#chinese-accept
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#signals
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#the_aim
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d12
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d13
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d141
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger_and_the_Vietnam_War
Lesson in Vietnam from Kissinger to Nixon: “when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not help them fight it.”
(We also had trouble with excesses here: when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280
Lesson of Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf
https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html
“Richard M. Nixon and Kissinger on 3 August 1972,” Conversation 760-006, Presidential Recordings Digital Edition [Fatal Politics, ed. Ken Huges] (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2014-). URL:https://prde.upress.virginia.edu/conversations/4006748
https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0
https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0
Discover the Truth at:
https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-cias-vietnam-document-cd-rom/
The secret life of Henry Kissinger minutes of a 1975 meeting with Lawrence Eagleburger
https://etan.org/news/kissinger/secret.htm
Henry Kissinger and the Truth About Negotiations In Vietnam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5fxxKVfX5g
Henry Kissinger - Secrets of a superpower | DW Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWVMTKeAwlA
The Untold Truth of Henry Kissinger
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iheZdvWdbI&t=1s
Was Henry Kissinger a War Criminal?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COqq7862wcU&t=25s
Nixon Richard M.,
Vice President of the United States
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Nixon, Richard M.,
President of the United States
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Nixon had a Trip to China from February 21 to 28 1972,
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/nixons-trip-china
http://www.presidentialtimeline.org/
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.mp3
https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault-vietnam/2023-03-24/movement-and-madman
The Vietnam War Johnson and Nixon Administrations Videos
March 2, 2016 Last Aired May 5, 2016
https://www.c-span.org/program/the-presidency/reflections-on-richard-nixon/431130
July 16, 1973 Last Aired July 22, 2013
Senate Watergate Committee Testimony
https://www.c-span.org/program/vignette/senate-watergate-committee-testimony/316346
April 26, 2016 Last Aired June 5, 2016
Vietnam War Commander in Chief
https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/vietnam-war-commanders-in-chief/439971
June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 22, 2013
Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 2
June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 15, 2013
Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 1
January 27, 2012 Last Aired June 11, 2012
President Nixon's Secret White House Tapes
https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/president-nixons-secret-white-house-tapes/277123
July 25, 1994 Last Aired June 20, 2008
Watergate: Corruption of American Politics
https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/watergate-corruption-of-american-politics/119480
February 16, 2003 Last Aired December 25, 2003
Presidential Tapes: Taping Systems History
https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/presidential-tapes-taping-systems-history/122572
Alexander Butterfield: The 60 Minutes Watergate Interview (1975)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss9AkLUmM4g
Watergate Hearing: Alexander Butterfield Testimony
Alexander Butterfield Was ‘Worried To Death’ Testifying Against Nixon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c52oIe3Gj6w
How Nixon’s Invasion of Cambodia Triggered a Check on Presidential Power
Vietnam War Cambodia and Laos
https://www.history.com/articles/nixon-war-powers-act-vietnam-war-cambodia
Nixon's Vietnam Visit 1965, Rare Film Unearthed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaTi8OEpINI
Nixon on LBJ and Vietnam: Where Did It All Go Wrong?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n-4o3vOYD4
1969 July 30_Tổng Thống Hoa Kỳ 🇺🇸 Richard M. Nixon Thăm Việt Nam Cộng Hoà.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRp4v6M6YJw&t=19s
Nixon Richard M.,
Vice President of the United States
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Nixon, Richard M.,
President of the United States
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Nixon had a Trip to China from February 21 to 28 1972,
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/nixons-trip-china
http://www.presidentialtimeline.org/
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.mp3
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.mp3
https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault-vietnam/2023-03-24/movement-and-madman
The Vietnam War Johnson and Nixon Administrations Videos
March 2, 2016 Last Aired May 5, 2016
https://www.c-span.org/program/the-presidency/reflections-on-richard-nixon/431130
July 16, 1973 Last Aired July 22, 2013
Senate Watergate Committee Testimony
https://www.c-span.org/program/vignette/senate-watergate-committee-testimony/316346
April 26, 2016 Last Aired June 5, 2016
Vietnam War Commander in Chief
https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/vietnam-war-commanders-in-chief/439971
June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 22, 2013
Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 2
June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 15, 2013
Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 1
January 27, 2012 Last Aired June 11, 2012
President Nixon's Secret White House Tapes
https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/president-nixons-secret-white-house-tapes/277123
July 25, 1994 Last Aired June 20, 2008
Watergate: Corruption of American Politics
https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/watergate-corruption-of-american-politics/119480
February 16, 2003 Last Aired December 25, 2003
Presidential Tapes: Taping Systems History
https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/presidential-tapes-taping-systems-history/122572
Alexander Butterfield: The 60 Minutes Watergate Interview (1975)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss9AkLUmM4g
Watergate Hearing: Alexander Butterfield Testimony
Alexander Butterfield Was ‘Worried To Death’ Testifying Against Nixon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c52oIe3Gj6w
How Nixon’s Invasion of Cambodia Triggered a Check on Presidential Power
Vietnam War Cambodia and Laos
https://www.history.com/articles/nixon-war-powers-act-vietnam-war-cambodia
Nixon's Vietnam Visit 1965, Rare Film Unearthed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaTi8OEpINI
Nixon on LBJ and Vietnam: Where Did It All Go Wrong?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n-4o3vOYD4
1969 July 30_Tổng Thống Hoa Kỳ 🇺🇸 Richard M. Nixon Thăm Việt Nam Cộng Hoà.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRp4v6M6YJw&t=19s
/https:/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg){kind=link}
No comments:
Post a Comment