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20260803 CDTL NRM D34 30 May 1973 34. Bản ghi nhớ hồ sơ lưu của Tổng thống do Phụ tá Tổng thống NSA Kissinger soạn thảo.

20260803 CDTL NRM D34 30 May 1973 34. Bản ghi nhớ hồ sơ lưu của Tổng thống do Phụ tá Tổng thống NSA Kissinger soạn thảo.


https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d34

Google Translated

Tài liệu số 34

Quan hệ Đối ngoại của Hoa Kỳ, 1969–1976, Tập XVIII, Trung Quốc, 1973–1976

34. Bản ghi nhớ hồ sơ lưu của Tổng thống do Phụ tá Tổng thống phụ trách An ninh Quốc gia Kissinger soạn thảo.

Washington, ngày 30 tháng 5 năm 1973, 9:15–9:30 sáng.

CHỦ ĐỀ

Cuộc gặp của Tổng thống với Đại sứ Hoàng Trấn, Trưởng Văn phòng Liên lạc CHND Trung Hoa tại Washington

THÀNH PHẦN THAM DỰ

Tổng thống

Đại sứ Hoàng Trấn

Tiến sĩ Henry A. Kissinger

Tổng thống đã tiếp Đại sứ Hoàng Trấn. Vị Đại sứ bày tỏ lòng cảm ơn Tổng thống về sự đón tiếp nồng hậu và thân tình. Ông cũng chuyển lời thăm hỏi tốt đẹp nhất từ ​​vợ chồng Chủ tịch Mao và vợ chồng Thủ tướng Chu Ân Lai. Tổng thống cảm ơn Đại sứ và đề nghị ông chuyển những thông điệp cá nhân của mình tới Chủ tịch MaoThủ tướng Chu Ân Lai.

Tổng thống lưu ý rằng Tiến sĩ Kissinger đã có những cuộc thảo luận nhạy cảm với Chủ tịch và Thủ tướng, đặc biệt là trong bối cảnh các cuộc đàm phán với Brezhnev có thể [Trang 268] ảnh hưởng đến các bên thứ ba. Tiến sĩ Kissinger đã nói với Hoàng Trấn rằng phía Hoa Kỳ sẵn sàng đạt được một thỏa thuận về việc tham vấn. Những phát biểu của ông phản ánh chính sách của Hoa Kỳ. Nếu Thủ tướng và Chủ tịch Mao tán thành, chúng tôi sẵn sàng đi đến một thỏa thuận chính thức hơn về các vấn đề này.

Tổng thống nhấn mạnh rằng chúng ta đã cam kết xây dựng mối quan hệ tốt đẹp hơn với Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa. Những ai hiểu rõ Tổng thống đều biết rằng một khi đã cam kết, ông luôn giữ vững lập trường. Việc duy trì quan hệ tốt đẹp với Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa mang lại lợi ích thiết thực cho chính nước Mỹ; lợi ích của chúng ta đòi hỏi phải có một Tầu cộng hùng mạnh và độc lập. Việc hành động nhằm củng cố sức mạnh cho Tầu cộng là một nền tảng cốt lõi trong chính sách của Hoa Kỳ. Một cuộc gặp với Brezhnev sắp diễn ra, và điều quan trọng là sẽ có tới tám ngày thảo luận; tuy nhiên, sẽ không có bất kỳ thỏa thuận nào gây phương hại đến Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa. Tổng thống đã trao đổi với Tiến sĩ Kissinger và chỉ đạo ông phải thường xuyên cập nhật đầy đủ thông tin cho Đại sứ.

Một vấn đề khác mà Tổng thống muốn trao đổi với Đại sứ là tình hình Đông Nam Á. Hiệp định hòa bình về Việt Nam đã loại bỏ một trở ngại lớn trong quan hệ giữa hai bên. Tuy nhiên, vẫn còn một vấn đề tồn tại, đó là Campuchia. Ông đặc biệt nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc đạt được một thỏa thuận dàn xếp tại Campuchia tương tự như ở Lào. Trong vấn đề này, Tầu cộng đóng vai trò rất quan trọng. Sẽ là một bi kịch nếu để tình hình Campuchia bùng phát và khơi lại xung đột trên toàn cõi Đông Dương. Tổng thống muốn nhấn mạnh rằng Hoa Kỳ không gắn bó với bất kỳ cá nhân cụ thể nào. Tuy nhiên, không thể có hòa bình nếu chỉ dựa vào họng súng—từ bất kỳ phía nào. Chúng tôi mong muốn một giải pháp cho phép các phe phái đang xung đột có thể cùng chung sống. Theo thời gian, người dân Campuchia sẽ có thể tự quyết định điều gì là tốt nhất cho tương lai của họ. Tổng thống tái khẳng định rằng ưu tiên hàng đầu là đạt được một thỏa thuận hòa bình tại Campuchia.

1.    Nguồn: Cơ quan Lưu trữ Quốc gia, Tài liệu Tổng thống Nixon, Hồ sơ Hội đồng An ninh Quốc gia (NSC), Hồ sơ Văn phòng Kissinger, Hộp 94, Hồ sơ Quốc gia, Viễn Đông, Các cuộc trao đổi với Tầu cộng, 16/5–13/6/1973. Tuyệt mật; Nhạy cảm; Chỉ dành cho người có thẩm quyền xem trực tiếp (Exclusively Eyes Only). Bản ghi âm cuộc đối thoại này, diễn ra tại Phòng Bầu dục, nằm trong cùng bộ tài liệu nêu trên, mục Băng ghi âm Tòa Bạch Ốc, Cuộc đối thoại số 930–7. Nixon đã xem các nội dung thảo luận do Kissinger soạn thảo vào ngày 29 tháng 5 trước khi cuộc gặp diễn ra. (Cùng nguồn trên, Hồ sơ NSC, Hồ sơ Văn phòng Kissinger, Hộp 94, Hồ sơ Quốc gia, Viễn Đông, Các cuộc trao đổi với Tầu cộng, 16/5–13/6/1973)

2.    Vào ngày 27 tháng 5, Hoàng Hoa đã trao cho Kissinger một công hàm khẳng định rằng bản dự thảo mới nhất của Liên Xô về "Hiệp định Ngăn ngừa Chiến tranh Hạt nhân" là không thể chấp nhận được vì nó "vẫn nhằm mục đích thiết lập sự thống trị hạt nhân của Mỹ và Liên Xô trên toàn thế giới." (Cùng nguồn trên) Hai ngày sau, trong một cuộc gặp bắt đầu lúc 6 giờ chiều, Kissinger nói với Hoàng Trấn: "Chúng tôi sẵn sàng xem xét một tuyên bố chung rằng không bên nào sẽ tham gia đàm phán chống lại bên kia, hoặc không bên nào sẽ tham gia bất kỳ hiệp định nào mà không tham vấn bên kia." (Cùng nguồn trên)

3.    Brezhnev đến Hoa Kỳ vào ngày 16 tháng 6 và hội nghị thượng đỉnh bắt đầu vào ngày 18 tháng 6.

4.    Trong cuộc gặp ngày 27 tháng 5, Kissinger đã thông báo cho Hoàng Hoa về quyết tâm của Hoa Kỳ trong việc ổn định tình hình tại Campuchia. (Biên bản ghi chép cuộc đối thoại, ngày 27 tháng 5, 10:00–11:15 sáng; Cơ quan Lưu trữ Quốc gia, Tài liệu Tổng thống Nixon, Hồ sơ NSC, Hồ sơ Văn phòng Kissinger, Hộp 94, Hồ sơ Quốc gia, Viễn Đông, Các cuộc trao đổi với Tầu cộng, 16/5–13/6/1973)

Sources

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/sources

Abbreviations and Terms

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/terms

Persons

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/persons

China, 1973–1976

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/comp1

Kissinger’s Visits to Beijing and the Establishment of the Liaison Offices, January 1973–May 1973 (Documents 1–34)

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/ch1

1.    Document 34

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XVIII, China, 1973–1976

34. Memorandum for the President’s File by the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)1

Washington, May 30, 1973, 9:15–9:30 a.m.

SUBJECT

  • The President’s Meeting with Ambassador Huang Chen, Chief of PRC Liaison Office in Washington

PARTICIPANTS

  • The President
  • Ambassador Huang Chen
  • Dr. Henry A. Kissinger

The President greeted Ambassador Huang Chen. The Ambassador said he wanted to thank the President for the friendly reception. He brought with him best wishes from Mr. and Mrs. Mao, and Mr. and Mrs. Chou En-lai. The President thanked him, and said he wanted the Ambassador to convey his personal messages to Chairman Mao and to Premier Chou En-lai.

Dr. Kissinger had had sensitive talks with the Chairman and the Premier, the President noted, especially as the Brezhnev talks might [Page 268] affect third parties. Dr. Kissinger had told Huang Chen we were prepared to reach an understanding about consultations. His statements reflected U.S. policy. If the Premier and Chairman Mao approved, we were prepared to make a more formal understanding on these points.2

Our commitment to better relations with the PRC was made, the President stressed. People who knew the President well knew that his commitment, when made, was solid. Good relations with the People’s Republic of China were in the self-interest of the United States. Our self-interest required an independent and strong China. It was a cornerstone of U.S. policy to see that action was taken for the strength of China. A meeting was coming up with Brezhnev; the important thing was that there would be eight days of conversations.3 But nothing would be agreed to that in any way would be detrimental to the People’s Republic of China. The President had talked to Dr. Kissinger and instructed him to keep the Ambassador fully informed.

The other point the President wished to make to the Ambassador concerned the Southeast Asian situation. The Vietnam peace agreement removed a major irritant in our relations. But there was one outstanding problem, that is Cambodia. He could not emphasize too much the importance of reaching a settlement in Cambodia similar to that in Laos. Now China played a very important role. It would be a tragedy if we allowed Cambodia to flare up and reopen the conflict all over Indochina. The President wanted to emphasize that the United States was not committed to any one man. But there could not be peace at the point of a gun—on either side. We wanted a settlement that let the warring elements live together. Over a period of time the Cambodian people could determine which is better for their future. The highest priority, the President reiterated, was to work out some sort of peace agreement in Cambodia.4

1.    Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 94, Country Files, Far East, China Exchanges, May 16-June 13, 1973. Top Secret; Sensitive; Exclusively Eyes Only. A tape of this conversation, which took place in the Oval Office, is ibid., White House Tapes, Conversation No. 930–7. Nixon saw talking points prepared on May 29 by Kissinger prior to the meeting. (Ibid., NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 94, Country Files, Far East, China Exchanges, May 16-June 13, 1973)

2.    On May 27, Huang Hua gave Kissinger a note that asserted that the latest Soviet draft of the “Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War” was unacceptable because it “still aims at the establishment of U.S.-Soviet nuclear hegemony over the world.” (Ibid.) Two days later, during a meeting that began at 6 p.m., Kissinger told Huang Zhen, “We would be prepared to consider some joint declaration that neither of us will engage in any negotiation against the other or that neither of us will join in any agreement without consultation with the other.” (Ibid.)

3.    Brezhnev arrived in the United States on June 16 and the summit began on June 18.

4.    During their meeting on May 27, Kissinger told Huang Hua of the U.S. determination to stabilize the situation in Cambodia. (Memorandum of conversation, May 27, 10:00–11:15 a.m.; National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 94, Country Files, Far East, China Exchanges, May 16-June 13, 1973)

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d34

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/pg_268

Thân thế (các) nhân vật

Brezhnev Leonid,

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonid-Ilich-Brezhnev

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union

https://www.britannica.com/place/Soviet-Union/The-Brezhnev-era

Chou En-lai, (Zhou Enlai)

Premier of the People’s Republic of China; member, Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party’s Political Bureau

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Enlai

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d139

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/memorandum-conversation-between-mao-zedong-zhou-enlai-and-henry-kissinger

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/zhou-enlai-talking-ho-chi-minh

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?f[0]=topics:86538&fo[0]=86538

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?search_api_fulltext=&items_per_page=100&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&f%5B0%5D=topics%3A86538&fo%5B0%5D=86538

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?search_api_fulltext=&items_per_page=100&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&f%5B0%5D=topics%3A86538&fo%5B0%5D=86538&page=1

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?search_api_fulltext=&items_per_page=100&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&f%5B0%5D=topics%3A86538&fo%5B0%5D=86538&page=2

Tài liệu Chu Ân Lai yêu cầu Hoa Kỳ loại bỏ Tổng Thống Nguyễn Văn Thiệu và dùng Dương Văn Minh để lật đổ hai nền Đệ I và Đệ II VNCH.

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?search_api_fulltext=&items_per_page=100&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&f%5B0%5D=people%3A84942&fo%5B0%5D=84942

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/discussion-between-zhou-enlai-and-le-duc-tho

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/89367/download

Huang Zhen (Huang Chen),

PRC Ambassador to France until March 1973; Chief of the PRC Liaison Office in the United States from March 1973

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_Zhen

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Huang_Zhen

https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/72591.pdf

https://mediaclip.ina.fr/en/i24024268-huang-chen-the-traditional-friendship-of-the-french-and-chinese-peoples.html

https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB79/BEBB23.pdf

https://www.facebook.com/NixonPresidentialLibrary/posts/otd-5301973-president-nixon-met-to-discuss-us-china-relations-with-dr-henry-kiss/1102544875230224/

https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/sites/default/files/2024-06/1552743.pdf

https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/236303/

https://cutt.ly/3tezOe3t

https://mediaclip.ina.fr/en/caf97507056-credentials-huang-chen-at-the-elysee.html

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/d12

Huang Hua,

Counselor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, People’s Republic of China; Adviser and Spokesman for the P.R.C. Delegation at the Geneva Conference.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_Hua

https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/world/asia/25huang.html

https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zy/wjrw/3606_665551/202405/t20240531_11367612.html

https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-huang-hua-20101125-story.html

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/25/huang-hua-obituary

https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/huang-hua-x2q6lmwwbh9?gaa_at=eafs&gaa_n=AWEtsqeZpd0zFmiHaDpEiiRHlY7CpBBjhF1RHK3uPMlNA_2TgweZkoDLDtQIsKBByQg%3D&gaa_ts=699222cf&gaa_sig=JSGWfLiZaDtnKyJ_VBb2HoiUrpOa-cmw4FBJhJZdY4YW8YR0wIAum2gRFNezI81-A-ZqiMBH_uQL_G91yUhMVw%3D%3D

https://www.the-independent.com/news/obituaries/huang-hua-politician-and-diplomat-who-played-a-leading-role-in-bringing-china-out-of-international-isolation-2152957.html

Huang Zhen (Huang Chen),

PRC Ambassador to France until March 1973; Chief of the PRC Liaison Office in the United States from March 1973

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_Zhen

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Huang_Zhen

https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/72591.pdf

https://mediaclip.ina.fr/en/i24024268-huang-chen-the-traditional-friendship-of-the-french-and-chinese-peoples.html

https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB79/BEBB23.pdf

https://www.facebook.com/NixonPresidentialLibrary/posts/otd-5301973-president-nixon-met-to-discuss-us-china-relations-with-dr-henry-kiss/1102544875230224/

https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/sites/default/files/2024-06/1552743.pdf

https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/236303/

https://cutt.ly/3tezOe3t

https://mediaclip.ina.fr/en/caf97507056-credentials-huang-chen-at-the-elysee.html

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/d12

Henry A Kissinger

Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until November 3, 1975; also Secretary of State from September 21, 1973

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger

https://www.theguardian.com/world/bilderberg

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/summary

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip

https://china.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/article_node_featured/public/article/featured-image/kissinger-zhou-sm_0.jpg?itok=qDjPx2_m

https://china.usc.edu/catalog/documents/us-china

http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2001/nr01-47.html

https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-july-22-august-3-2011

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#meetings

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#nixon-announcement

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#chinese-accept

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#signals

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#the_aim

http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d4

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d12

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d13

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d141

https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger_and_the_Vietnam_War

Lesson in Vietnam from Kissinger to Nixon: “when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not help them fight it.”

(We also had trouble with excesses here: when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280

Lesson of Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger

https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf

https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html

“Richard M. Nixon and Kissinger on 3 August 1972,” Conversation 760-006, Presidential Recordings Digital Edition [Fatal Politics, ed. Ken Huges] (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2014-). URL:https://prde.upress.virginia.edu/conversations/4006748 

https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0

https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/nixon-kissinger-and-the-decent-interval

https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0

Discover the Truth at:

http://www.theblackvault.com

https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-cias-vietnam-document-cd-rom/

The secret life of Henry Kissinger minutes of a 1975 meeting with Lawrence Eagleburger

https://etan.org/news/kissinger/secret.htm

Henry Kissinger and the Truth About Negotiations In Vietnam

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5fxxKVfX5g

Henry Kissinger - Secrets of a superpower | DW Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWVMTKeAwlA

The Untold Truth of Henry Kissinger

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iheZdvWdbI&t=1s

Was Henry Kissinger a War Criminal?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COqq7862wcU&t=25s

Nixon Richard M.,

Vice President of the United States

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon

https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/

https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm

Nixon, Richard M.,

President of the United States

https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon

https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/

https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm

Nixon had a Trip to China from February 21 to 28 1972,

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/nixons-trip-china

http://www.presidentialtimeline.org/

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.mp3

https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault-vietnam/2023-03-24/movement-and-madman

The Vietnam War Johnson and Nixon Administrations Videos

March 2, 2016 Last Aired May 5, 2016

Reflections on Richard Nixon

https://www.c-span.org/program/the-presidency/reflections-on-richard-nixon/431130

July 16, 1973 Last Aired July 22, 2013

Senate Watergate Committee Testimony

https://www.c-span.org/program/vignette/senate-watergate-committee-testimony/316346

April 26, 2016 Last Aired June 5, 2016

Vietnam War Commander in Chief

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/vietnam-war-commanders-in-chief/439971

June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 22, 2013

Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 2

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-2/258425

June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 15, 2013

Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 1

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-1/257651

January 27, 2012 Last Aired June 11, 2012

President Nixon's Secret White House Tapes

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/president-nixons-secret-white-house-tapes/277123

July 25, 1994 Last Aired June 20, 2008

Watergate: Corruption of American Politics

https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/watergate-corruption-of-american-politics/119480

February 16, 2003 Last Aired December 25, 2003

Presidential Tapes: Taping Systems History

https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/presidential-tapes-taping-systems-history/122572

Alexander Butterfield: The 60 Minutes Watergate Interview (1975)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss9AkLUmM4g

Watergate Hearing: Alexander Butterfield Testimony

https://www.c-span.org/clip/congress-investigates/watergate-hearing-alexander-butterfield-testimony/5118203

Alexander Butterfield Was ‘Worried To Death’ Testifying Against Nixon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c52oIe3Gj6w

How Nixon’s Invasion of Cambodia Triggered a Check on Presidential Power

Vietnam War Cambodia and Laos

https://www.history.com/articles/nixon-war-powers-act-vietnam-war-cambodia

Nixon's Vietnam Visit 1965, Rare Film Unearthed

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaTi8OEpINI

Nixon on LBJ and Vietnam: Where Did It All Go Wrong?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n-4o3vOYD4

1969 July 30_Tổng Thống Hoa Kỳ 🇺🇸 Richard M. Nixon Thăm Việt Nam Cộng Hoà.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRp4v6M6YJw&t=19s

 

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