20260823 CDTL NRM D54 3 October 1973 54. Điện tín từ Văn phòng Liên lạc tại Trung Quốc gửi Bộ Ngoại giao.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d54
Google Translated
Tài liệu số 54
Quan hệ Đối ngoại của Hoa Kỳ, 1969–1976, Tập XVIII, Trung Quốc, 1973–1976
54. Điện tín từ Văn phòng Liên lạc tại Tầu cộng gửi Bộ Ngoại giao.
Bắc Kinh, ngày 16 tháng 10 năm 1973.
1216. Chủ đề: Dự luật Jackson và CHND Tầu cộng.
1. Mặc dù tôi hiểu rằng mối quan ngại chính đối với Dự luật Jackson — vốn hạn chế quyền hạn của Tổng thống trong việc cấp quy chế Tối huệ quốc (MFN) — chủ yếu xoay quanh Liên Xô và các hạn chế của nước này đối với việc người Do Thái di cư, tôi muốn lưu ý rằng nếu được thông qua với nội dung hiện tại, dự luật này cũng sẽ áp dụng đối với Cộng hòa Nhân dân Tầu cộng và trở thành trở ngại lớn cho việc phát triển quan hệ thương mại Mỹ – Trung. Tôi đặc biệt lo ngại rằng các nghị sĩ Quốc hội có thể chưa nhận thức đầy đủ tầm quan trọng mà Bắc Kinh dành cho quy chế MFN; quy chế này vừa là điều kiện tiên quyết để mở rộng xuất khẩu sang Mỹ (qua đó cải thiện cán cân thương mại), vừa mang ý nghĩa chính trị như một dấu hiệu quan trọng cho thấy những bước tiến xa hơn trong quá trình bình thường hóa quan hệ.
2. Các cuộc thảo luận gần đây giữa các quan chức Tổng lãnh sự quán Hoa Kỳ tại Hồng Kông và ông Richard N. Perle – phụ tá của Thượng nghị sĩ Jackson (theo thông tin do viên chức ngoại giao John J. Taylor cung cấp trong chuyến thăm) – cho thấy một số giới chức Quốc hội chưa nhận thức rõ về những hệ quả đối với quan hệ Trung-Mỹ nếu việc cho phép tự do di cư bị đặt làm điều kiện tiên quyết để cấp quy chế Tối huệ quốc (MFN). Khi trình bày quan điểm của Thượng nghị sĩ Jackson về vấn đề này, ông Perle cho rằng Tầu cộng sẽ không bận tâm nếu không đạt được quy chế MFN. Tuy nhiên, khi được chỉ ra những vấn đề nảy sinh, ông Perle không đưa ra được phản hồi nào cụ thể, ngoại trừ việc bày tỏ hy vọng rằng bằng cách nào đó, vấn đề này sẽ không bị đặt ra. Ông cũng khẳng định rõ ràng rằng dự luật được đề nghị chỉ nhắm vào Liên Xô.
3. Ngoài những khó khăn gây ra cho thương mại Mỹ-Trung, Dự luật Jackson còn đặt ra vấn đề chính trị liên quan đến việc công khai xác định rằng các chính sách di cư của CHND Tầu cộng khiến nước này chịu sự điều chỉnh của các quy định trong dự luật. Xét đến sự nhạy cảm của phía Tầu cộng đối với vấn đề người tị nạn và di cư, điều này chắc chắn sẽ gây tác động tiêu cực đến mối quan hệ đang phát triển giữa hai nước.
4. Tôi hoàn toàn hiểu rằng vấn đề Quy chế Tối huệ quốc (MFN) dành cho CHND Tầu cộng gắn liền không thể tách rời với vấn đề của Liên Xô. Tuy nhiên, tôi cho rằng điều quan trọng—và có thể cũng hữu ích trong bối cảnh liên quan đến Liên Xô—là cần làm cho Quốc hội nhận thức rõ tầm quan trọng mà CHND Tầu cộng dành cho vấn đề này, cũng như những tác động bất lợi mà Dự luật Jackson có thể gây ra đối với quan hệ thương mại và chính trị Mỹ-Trung. Có lẽ việc tăng cường giải thích, cung cấp thêm thông tin cho Quốc hội sẽ mang lại hiệu quả.
Bruce.
1. Nguồn: Cơ quan Lưu trữ Quốc gia, Tài liệu Tổng thống Nixon, Hồ sơ NSC, Hồ sơ Văn phòng Kissinger, Hộp 93, Hồ sơ Quốc gia, Viễn Đông, Thương mại và Giao lưu với Tầu cộng, 5/7/1973–28/2/1974. Mật; Nodis; Cherokee. Không có thời gian gửi trên bức điện; tuy nhiên, một dòng ghi chú đóng dấu cho thấy bức điện được nhận lúc 9:04 tối.↩
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/sources
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/terms
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/persons
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/comp1
Political Turmoil in the United States, June 1973–September 1974 (Documents 35–87)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/ch2
1. Document 54
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XVIII, China, 1973–1976
54. Telegram From the Liaison Office in China to the Department of State1
Beijing, October 16, 1973.
1216. Subj: Jackson Bill and PRC.
1.
While I realize that overriding concern with Jackson Bill limiting President’s authority to grant MFN treatment is centered on Soviet Union and its restrictions on Jewish emigration, I would like to call attention to fact that, if passed in present form, bill will apply equally to PRC and will be a major obstacle to developing U.S.–PRC trade relations. I am particularly concerned that members of Congress may not be fully aware of importance Peking attaches to MFN, both as a prerequisite for expanding its exports to the U.S. and thereby improving balance of trade and politically as a significant indicator of further progress in normalization of relations.
2.
Recent discussion between Hong Kong ConGen officers and Senator Jackson’s staff assistant, Richard N. Perle, (as reported to us by visiting FSO John J. Taylor) suggests ignorance in some congressional quarters of consequences for Sino-U.S. relations if free emigration imposed as condition for MFN. In describing Senator Jackson’s views on this subject, Mr. Perle assumed that China would not be concerned over failure to receive MFN status. When the problems were pointed out to Mr. Perle, he had no response except to offer the hope that somehow the issue would not be raised. He made clear that the proposed legislation was aimed solely at the USSR.
3.
In addition to difficulties posed for Sino-U.S. trade, Jackson Bill will also raise political problem of a public finding that PRC practices emigration policies making it subject to provisions of the bill. Given Chinese sensitivities on question of refugees and emigration this cannot help but have negative impact on our developing relations.
4.
I realize fully that question of MFN for the PRC inevitably bound up with that of Soviet Union. Nevertheless, I think it important—and possibly useful in Soviet context as well—that Congress be made aware of significance which PRC attaches to this question and possible adverse impact Jackson Bill could have on U.S.–PRC commercial and political relations. Perhaps some additional educational efforts with the Congress might be useful.
Bruce
1. Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 93, Country Files, Far East, China Trade and Exchanges, July 5, 1973–Feb. 28, 1974. Confidential; Nodis; Cherokee. No time of transmission appears on the telegram; however a stamped notation indicates it was received at 9:04 p.m.↩
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d54
Thân thế (các) nhân vật
Head of the U.S. Delegation to the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks from July 1970 until July 1971
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce
https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/oral-histories/bruce
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v07/d41
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/persons
https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/235113/
https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/upi_vietnam/95/
Democratic Senator from Washington
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson
https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Henry_Scoop_Jackson.htm
https://henryjacksonsociety.org/who-was-henry-jackson/
https://www.congress.gov/member/henry-jackson/J000013
https://hmjackson.org/about-us/biography/
https://content.lib.washington.edu/jacksonweb/index.html
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https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/summary
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip
https://china.usc.edu/catalog/documents/us-china
http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2001/nr01-47.html
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https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger_and_the_Vietnam_War
Lesson in Vietnam from Kissinger to Nixon: “when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not help them fight it.”
(We also had trouble with excesses here: when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280
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Nixon Richard M.,
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http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
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Nixon, Richard M.,
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https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
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https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
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https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/nixons-trip-china
http://www.presidentialtimeline.org/
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.pdf
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.pdf
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