Thursday, August 6, 2026

20260807 CDTL NRM D38 19 June 1973 38. Thư của Tổng thống Nixon gửi Thủ tướng Trung Quốc Chu Ân Lai.

20260807 CDTL NRM D38 19 June 1973 38. Thư của Tổng thống Nixon gửi Thủ tướng Trung Quốc Chu Ân Lai.


https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d38

Google Translated

Tài liệu số 38

Quan hệ Đối ngoại của Hoa Kỳ, 1969–1976, Tập XVIII, Trung Quốc, 1973–1976

38. Thư của Tổng thống Nixon gửi Thủ tướng Trung Quốc Chu Ân Lai.

Washington, ngày 19 tháng 6 năm 1973.

Thưa Ngài Thủ tướng:

Tôi đã theo dõi rất sát sao các cuộc thảo luận giữa Tiến sĩ KissingerĐại sứ Hoàng Trấn, đồng thời cũng đã nghiên cứu các văn bản mà Chính phủ Tầu cộng gửi cho chúng tôi liên quan đến dự thảo thỏa hiệp được đề nghị. Như quý vị đã biết, chúng ta có sự khác biệt trong việc đánh giá các hệ quả của thỏa hiệp này, mặc dù không khác biệt về mục đích mà nó hướng tới. Chúng tôi vẫn giữ quan điểm rằng thỏa hiệp này không mang lại bất kỳ quyền đặc biệt nào cho Hoa Kỳ hay Liên Xô—và chúng tôi sẽ phản đối bất kỳ yêu sách nào như vậy. Mặt khác, Liên Xô không thể nào [Trang 279] sử dụng vũ lực mà không vi phạm thỏa hiệp này, qua đó tạo ra cơ sở pháp lý cho sự kháng cự. Như chúng tôi đã thông báo với đại diện của quý vị cũng như các chính phủ khác, chúng tôi dự định tận dụng thỏa hiệp này để mở rộng phạm vi hành động tại những khu vực hiện chưa chịu sự ràng buộc của các nghĩa vụ chính thức.

Dù chúng ta có thể bất đồng về mặt sách lược, tôi muốn nhân dịp này khẳng định chính thức với ông rằng Hoa Kỳ sẽ phản đối bất kỳ chính sách nào nhằm xác lập quyền bá chủ hoặc tìm cách cô lập Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa. Chính vì lý do đó, thay mặt tôi, Tiến sĩ Kissinger đã cam đoan với Đại sứ Hoàng Trấn rằng Hoa Kỳ sẽ không thay đổi lá phiếu của mình tại Liên Hợp Quốc liên quan đến vấn đề cấm vũ khí hạt nhân.

Tôi hiểu sự do dự của phía Tầu cộng trong việc ký kết một tuyên bố chính thức theo nội dung mà Tiến sĩ Kissinger đã đề nghị vào ngày 29 tháng 5. Vì vậy, cho phép tôi tuyên bố chính sách của chúng tôi một cách đơn phương: Hoa Kỳ sẽ không tiến hành các cuộc tham vấn có thể ảnh hưởng đến lợi ích của Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa mà không thảo luận kỹ lưỡng trước với Chính phủ Tầu cộng . Cụ thể, mọi cuộc tham vấn theo Điều 4 của hiệp định sẽ được thảo luận đầy đủ với Chính phủ Tầu cộng  trước khi bắt đầu và sẽ không kết thúc trước khi Chính phủ Tầu cộng có cơ hội bày tỏ quan điểm của mình. Trong bất kỳ trường hợp nào, Hoa Kỳ cũng sẽ không tham gia vào hành động chung với Liên Xô theo hiệp định này liên quan đến các xung đột hoặc tranh chấp mà Cộng hòa Nhân dân Trung Hoa là một bên tham gia.

Tiến sĩ Kissinger sẽ sẵn sàng công khai tái khẳng định sự phản đối của chúng tôi đối với chủ nghĩa bá quyền cũng như sự sẵn sàng tham vấn toàn diện trong chuyến thăm vào tháng Tám, nếu Chính phủ Tầu cộng thấy việc đó là phù hợp.

Tôi hiểu rằng Chính phủ Tầu cộng vẩn có quyền bày tỏ quan điểm về thỏa thuận này. Tuy nhiên, tôi hy vọng rằng họ sẽ thực hiện điều đó theo cách không gây trở ngại cho định hướng chính sách đã được xác định của Hoa Kỳ, đó là phản đối các tham vọng bá quyền bất kể chúng được biện minh bằng lý do gì.

Trân trọng,

Richard Nixon.

1.    Nguồn: Cơ quan Lưu trữ Quốc gia, Tài liệu Tổng thống Nixon, Hồ sơ NSC, Hồ sơ Văn phòng Kissinger, Hộp 95, Hồ sơ Quốc gia, Viễn Đông, Các cuộc trao đổi với Tầu cộng, 14 tháng 6 – 9 tháng 7 năm 1973. Không có dấu phân loại mật. Theo một ghi chú viết tay, Kissinger đã trao lá thư cho Hoàng Trấn trong cuộc gặp ngày 19 tháng 6 của họ. (Xem Tài liệu 37) Ngày 20 tháng 6, Bruce đã chuyển nội dung lá thư cho Kiều Quán Hoa. (Điện tín số 3 từ Bắc Kinh, ngày 20 tháng 6; Cơ quan Lưu trữ Quốc gia, Tài liệu Tổng thống Nixon, Hồ sơ NSC, Hồ sơ Văn phòng Kissinger, Hộp 95, Hồ sơ Quốc gia, Viễn Đông, Các cuộc trao đổi với Tầu cộng, 14 tháng 6 – 9 tháng 7 năm 1973)

2.    Xem chú thích 2, Tài liệu 34.

Sources

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/sources

Abbreviations and Terms

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/terms

Persons

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/persons

China, 1973–1976

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/comp1

Political Turmoil in the United States, June 1973–September 1974 (Documents 35–87)

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/ch2

1.    Document 38

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XVIII, China, 1973–1976

38. Letter From President Nixon to Chinese Premier Zhou En-lai1

Washington, June 19, 1973.

Dear Mr. Prime Minister:

I have been following the discussions between Dr. Kissinger and Ambassador Huang Chen with great attention and I have also studied the notes that have been sent to us by the Chinese Government with respect to the proposed draft agreement. As you know, we differ in our assessment of the consequences of the agreement, though not in the purposes it is supposed to serve. It remains our view that this agreement confers no special rights on the U.S. or the U.S.S.R.—and we would oppose any such claim. On the other hand, there is no way recourse [Page 279] to force can be initiated by the U.S.S.R. without violating this agreement and thus creating a legal basis for resistance. As we have told your representatives and also other governments we intend to use this agreement to obtain greater scope for actions in areas not now covered by formal obligations.

Whatever our disagreement as to tactics, I want to use this occasion to tell you formally that the U.S. will oppose a policy that aims at hegemony or seeks to bring about the isolation of the People’s Republic of China. For this reason Dr. Kissinger has assured Ambassador Huang Chen on my behalf that the U.S. will not change its vote at the United Nations on the issue of the prohibition of nuclear weapons.

I understand the hesitation of the Chinese side to sign a formal declaration along the lines proposed by Dr. Kissinger on May 29.2 Let me, therefore, state our policy unilaterally: The U.S. will not engage in consultations that could affect the interests of the People’s Republic of China without a full prior discussion with the Chinese Government. Specifically, any consultation under Article 4 of the agreement will be fully discussed with the Chinese Government before it is initiated and will not be concluded before the Chinese Government has an opportunity to express its view. In no case will the U.S. participate in a joint move together with the Soviet Union under this agreement with respect to conflicts or disputes where the People’s Republic of China is a party.

Dr. Kissinger will be prepared to repeat our opposition to hegemony and our readiness for full consultation publicly on the occasion of his visit in August if the Chinese Government should consider it appropriate.

I recognize that the Chinese Government will reserve the right to express its views on this agreement. I hope, however, that it will do so in a manner that will not complicate the fixed course of the U.S. policy which is to oppose hegemonial aspirations no matter what their pretext.

Sincerely,

Richard Nixon

1.    Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 95, Country Files, Far East, China Exchanges, June 14–July 9, 1973. No classification marking. According to a handwritten notation, Kissinger handed the letter to Huang Zhen during their June 19 meeting. (See Document 37) On June 20, Bruce delivered the contents of the letter to Qiao Guanhua. (Telegram 3 from Beijing, June 20; National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Kissinger Office Files, Box 95, Country Files, Far East, China Exchanges, June 14-July 9, 1973)

2.    See footnote 2, Document 34.

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d38

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/pg_279

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d34fn2

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d37

Thân thế (các) nhân vật

Bruce, David K.E.,

Head of the U.S. Delegation to the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks from July 1970 until July 1971

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_K._E._Bruce

https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/oral-histories/bruce

https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/02/archives/nixon-appoints-bruce-as-leader-at-peace-talks-says-on-tv-he-has-no.html

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v07/d41

https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/bruce-david-kirkpatrick-este

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/persons

https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/235113/

https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/upi_vietnam/95/ 

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Priscilla-Roberts-2/publication/314258867_%27I_Begin_to_Think_of_Myself_as_a_Marco_Polo%27_David_Bruce_in_China_1973-1974_Occasional_paper_No_1_Keele_David_Bruce_Centre_for_American_Studies_Keele_University_1999/links/58f39faea6fdcc11e569f1b0/I-Begin-to-Think-of-Myself-as-a-Marco-Polo-David-Bruce-in-China-1973-1974-Occasional-paper-No-1-Keele-David-Bruce-Centre-for-American-Studies-Keele-University-1999.pdf

Huang Zhen (Huang Chen),

PRC Ambassador to France until March 1973; Chief of the PRC Liaison Office in the United States from March 1973

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang_Zhen

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Huang_Zhen

https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/72591.pdf

https://mediaclip.ina.fr/en/i24024268-huang-chen-the-traditional-friendship-of-the-french-and-chinese-peoples.html

https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB79/BEBB23.pdf

https://www.facebook.com/NixonPresidentialLibrary/posts/otd-5301973-president-nixon-met-to-discuss-us-china-relations-with-dr-henry-kiss/1102544875230224/

https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/sites/default/files/2024-06/1552743.pdf

https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/236303/

https://cutt.ly/3tezOe3t

https://mediaclip.ina.fr/en/caf97507056-credentials-huang-chen-at-the-elysee.html

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/d12

Henry A Kissinger

Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until November 3, 1975; also Secretary of State from September 21, 1973

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger

https://www.theguardian.com/world/bilderberg

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/summary

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip

https://china.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/article_node_featured/public/article/featured-image/kissinger-zhou-sm_0.jpg?itok=qDjPx2_m

https://china.usc.edu/catalog/documents/us-china

http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2001/nr01-47.html

https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-july-22-august-3-2011

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#meetings

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#nixon-announcement

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#chinese-accept

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#signals

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#the_aim

http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d4

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d12

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d13

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d141

https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger_and_the_Vietnam_War

Lesson in Vietnam from Kissinger to Nixon: “when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not help them fight it.”

(We also had trouble with excesses here: when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280

Lesson of Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger

https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf

https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html

“Richard M. Nixon and Kissinger on 3 August 1972,” Conversation 760-006, Presidential Recordings Digital Edition [Fatal Politics, ed. Ken Huges] (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2014-). URL:https://prde.upress.virginia.edu/conversations/4006748 

https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0

https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/nixon-kissinger-and-the-decent-interval

https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0

Discover the Truth at:

http://www.theblackvault.com

https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-cias-vietnam-document-cd-rom/

The secret life of Henry Kissinger minutes of a 1975 meeting with Lawrence Eagleburger

https://etan.org/news/kissinger/secret.htm

Henry Kissinger and the Truth About Negotiations In Vietnam

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5fxxKVfX5g

Henry Kissinger - Secrets of a superpower | DW Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWVMTKeAwlA

The Untold Truth of Henry Kissinger

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0iheZdvWdbI&t=1s

Was Henry Kissinger a War Criminal?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COqq7862wcU&t=25s

Nixon Richard M.,

Vice President of the United States

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon

https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/

https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm

Nixon, Richard M.,

President of the United States

https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon

https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/

https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm

Nixon had a Trip to China from February 21 to 28 1972,

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/nixons-trip-china

http://www.presidentialtimeline.org/

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.mp3

https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault-vietnam/2023-03-24/movement-and-madman

The Vietnam War Johnson and Nixon Administrations Videos

March 2, 2016 Last Aired May 5, 2016

Reflections on Richard Nixon

https://www.c-span.org/program/the-presidency/reflections-on-richard-nixon/431130

July 16, 1973 Last Aired July 22, 2013

Senate Watergate Committee Testimony

https://www.c-span.org/program/vignette/senate-watergate-committee-testimony/316346

April 26, 2016 Last Aired June 5, 2016

Vietnam War Commander in Chief

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/vietnam-war-commanders-in-chief/439971

June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 22, 2013

Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 2

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-2/258425

June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 15, 2013

Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 1

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-1/257651

January 27, 2012 Last Aired June 11, 2012

President Nixon's Secret White House Tapes

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/president-nixons-secret-white-house-tapes/277123

July 25, 1994 Last Aired June 20, 2008

Watergate: Corruption of American Politics

https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/watergate-corruption-of-american-politics/119480

February 16, 2003 Last Aired December 25, 2003

Presidential Tapes: Taping Systems History

https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/presidential-tapes-taping-systems-history/122572

Alexander Butterfield: The 60 Minutes Watergate Interview (1975)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss9AkLUmM4g

Watergate Hearing: Alexander Butterfield Testimony

https://www.c-span.org/clip/congress-investigates/watergate-hearing-alexander-butterfield-testimony/5118203

Alexander Butterfield Was ‘Worried To Death’ Testifying Against Nixon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c52oIe3Gj6w

How Nixon’s Invasion of Cambodia Triggered a Check on Presidential Power

Vietnam War Cambodia and Laos

https://www.history.com/articles/nixon-war-powers-act-vietnam-war-cambodia

Nixon's Vietnam Visit 1965, Rare Film Unearthed

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaTi8OEpINI

Nixon on LBJ and Vietnam: Where Did It All Go Wrong?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-n-4o3vOYD4

1969 July 30_Tổng Thống Hoa Kỳ 🇺🇸 Richard M. Nixon Thăm Việt Nam Cộng Hoà.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRp4v6M6YJw&t=19s

Qiao Guanhua (Chiao Kuan-hua),

Deputy [Vice] Foreign Minister of the PRC until November 1974; Foreign Minister from November 1974 until December 1976

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d78

https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/23/obituaries/no-headline-184148.html

https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zy/wjrw/3606_665551/202405/t20240531_11367613.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiao_Guanhua

https://en.namu.wiki/w/%EC%B0%A8%EC%98%A4%EA%B4%80%ED%99%94

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/09/22/Former-Foreign-Minister-Qiao-Guanhua-who-disappeared-for-years/2807433051200/

Chou En-lai, (Zhou Enlai)

Premier of the People’s Republic of China; member, Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party’s Political Bureau

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Enlai

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d139

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/memorandum-conversation-between-mao-zedong-zhou-enlai-and-henry-kissinger

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/zhou-enlai-talking-ho-chi-minh

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?f[0]=topics:86538&fo[0]=86538

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?search_api_fulltext=&items_per_page=100&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&f%5B0%5D=topics%3A86538&fo%5B0%5D=86538

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?search_api_fulltext=&items_per_page=100&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&f%5B0%5D=topics%3A86538&fo%5B0%5D=86538&page=1

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?search_api_fulltext=&items_per_page=100&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&f%5B0%5D=topics%3A86538&fo%5B0%5D=86538&page=2

Tài liệu Chu Ân Lai yêu cầu Hoa Kỳ loại bỏ Tổng Thống Nguyễn Văn Thiệu và dùng Dương Văn Minh để lật đổ hai nền Đệ I và Đệ II VNCH.

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?search_api_fulltext=&items_per_page=100&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&f%5B0%5D=people%3A84942&fo%5B0%5D=84942

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/discussion-between-zhou-enlai-and-le-duc-tho

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/89367/download

 

 

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