Wednesday, October 1, 2025

20251002 CDTL Bạch Thoại Giửa Tổng Thống Nixon Và Kissinger 3 April 1973 D97

20251002 CDTL Bạch Thoại Giửa Tổng Thống Nixon Và Kissinger 3 April 1973 D97


97. Transcript of Telephone Conversation Between President Nixon and the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)1

August 3, 1973, 10:17 a.m.

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d97

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_391

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_392

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_393

August 3, 1973, 10:17 a.m.

P: Hello.

K: Hello, Mr. President.

P: Hi, Henry. How are you?

K: OK. Sorry to disturb you.

P: That’s all right.

K: I wanted to check with you about one matter. We have drafted a letter to send to the Speaker and to the Majority Leader about the bombing,2 not asking for its extension, but . . .

P: Yes, I know.

K: but making the point of the impact of it ending and saying that we will fulfill all commitments that we can within the law. So it makes a clear record of what our position is. We didn’t want to send this obviously without discussing it with you.

P: Well, we discussed it before, you remember.

K: I know we did, but I just wanted to make sure that it’s . . .

P: Did you talk to Bryce or . . .

K: Yes, it’s been all discussed with the Congressional people, and with Bryce.

P: Bryce, and Laird, I suppose, yes.

K: Well, Laird would like to leave well enough alone.

P: Well, sorry, we’re still gonna send this. In other words, Laird didn’t want to make the record, huh?

K: That’s right.

P: Well, we’re gonna make the record. Bryce has no objection to making the objection, has he?

K: No, he has no objection. And Timmons and the others think it’s a good idea.

P: Why do they think it’s a good idea?

[Page 391]

K: Well, because they can’t then claim we sold them out in partnerships.

P: In other words, we put the responsibility on them.

K: I have the distinct impression now a lot of newsmen are calling him about the implications of this.

P: That’s right.

K: And they are not at all so sure of themselves now. This was a great game as long as we were the villains.

P: Yeah. I’m all for the letter. I’m just trying to think of whether we should do more.

K: No, the danger, Mr. President, if you ask for an extension and then get voted down, then the signal is even stronger.

P: I know, I know, so we can’t do that. Well, I think a letter—when should it go?

K: Well, it has to go today.

P: All right.

K: While they’re still in session.

P: All right. And Bryce is the only one that needs to look over the language. He knows the sensitivities of these people. Let him take a quick gander. He won’t get into the substance. Because I’m here, and I won’t be able to look it over, see.

K: Right. I will go over it.

P: Just with Bryce. When you start doing it by committees, that’s no good.

K: Right.

P: You’ve already drafted the letter?

K: That’s right. We have the text here.

P: Good. And the text of it, basically, is . . .

K: The text of it is that.

P: I mean the substance.

K: The substance of it is that with the support of the American people you have managed to to bring peace to Indochina and Laos, and we were in the process of doing this in Cambodia. The congressional action3 has the effect of withdrawing this military support while these negotiations were in progress, and you want to point out that the consequences of this are very serious. And it has already weakened the negotiations with the prospect of it and will make them almost impossible . . .

[Page 392]

P: Just say, it is my responsibility to point out to the members of the Congress that the consequences are very serious and that . . .

K: Then it has a paragraph that says you want to point out to Congress that as far as you are concerned it does not mean an abandonment of our moral responsibilities and commitments, that you will do everything within what is permitted by law to strengthen the Cambodian government, and at the same time you want to warn the North Vietnamese not to mistake this and that the American people will stand behind peace, or something like that.

P: Yeah, well, the peace agreement.

K: Yeah. So it’s a strong letter.

P: We know that the American people are firmly committed to enforcement of the provisions of the peace agreement. Good. You don’t need to show it to anybody. I got the sense of it. Send it off.

K: Right.

P: You see the point is—uh, I can’t understand Laird’s point of leaving well enough alone. What the hell does he mean?

K: Well he thinks it was a great triumph for him to get the August 15 thing.

P: (laughs) Oh, you mean the idea that we got it that far. Is that what you mean?

K: Well, he wants to take credit for having gotten us out of there. And, you know, he’s been trying to do that all the time.

P: No, I understand. I get it now. OK, Henry, send it off.

K: Right. You had a note from Heath which was just a holding action, saying when he gets back from Ottawa he’s going to deal in detail with it. I had a tremendous reaction last night from that International Platform Association.4

P: Oh, good.

K: Which is sort of middle America. These are the lecture bureaus from all over the country.

P: Chautauqua, and all the stuff.

K: And I spoke in the sense that I mentioned to you that foreign policy, we can’t have a moratorium in the quest for peace and that we must not let our domestic divisions tear us apart. And it was a tremendous ovation, and I had to fight my way out of there.

P: Good.

K: It just shows that basically you have a lot of strength in the country.

[Page 393]

P: Yeah, ha, ha, right, right. Well, this Cambodian thing is really, really shocking then. That was one where I must say we just got schnookered there, where Laird and Ford, of all people, you know, Laird misled me.

K: Absolutely.

P: He got his telephone call, you know, to Ford, goddarn it, he didn’t say that was what it was about.

K: Of course, I know that.

P: And I was ______.

K: But it was the John Dean week, Mr. President, and you wouldn’t have won it anyway. But you were . . .

P: I guess we wouldn’t have won it, would we?

K: No. You would have been smashed.

P: Yeah.

K: So . . .

P: All right. We’ll make the record.

K: Right, Mr. President.

P: We’ll hope the poor little Cambodians can hang on for a little longer than we think.

K: Well, if they can hold on for longer than we think, then we can make it.

P: Yeah, you never know about these things, you know, and to heck . . .

K: One other thing, Mr. President, in this connection. The second man in Cambodia we have there, who is now Chargé because we finally got rid of the Ambassador—would like four more military attachés in a sort of semi advisory capacity. And Defense and State are crying, and we would like to order this.

P: Order it.

K: Right, Mr. President.

P: Of course, order it. Absolutely, there should be no crying and no bitching around. Immediately.

K: I think if we have to go down, the record must show that we did everything.

P: Four attachés is nothing anyway. Immediately, and the very best they’ve got.

K: Absolutely.

P: And there’s no crapping around.

K: Right.

P: OK, Henry.

K: Thank you.

Google Translated

Ngày 3 tháng 8 năm 1973, 10:17 sáng

P: Xin chào.

K: Xin chào, Tổng thống.

P: Xin chào, Henry. Ông khỏe không?

K: Vâng. Xin lỗi vì đã làm phiền ông.

P: Không sao đâu.

K: Tôi muốn hỏi ông về một vấn đề. Chúng tôi đã soạn thảo một lá thư để gửi cho Chủ tịch Hạ viện và Lãnh đạo Đa số về vụ đánh bom, không yêu cầu gia hạn, nhưng...

P: Vâng, tôi biết.

K: Nhưng cần nhấn mạnh đến hậu quả của việc kết thúc này và nói rằng chúng tôi sẽ thực hiện mọi cam kết trong phạm vi luật pháp cho phép. Điều này thể hiện rõ lập trường của chúng tôi. Chúng tôi không muốn gửi thông tin này mà không thảo luận với anh.

P: À, anh còn nhớ chứ, chúng ta đã thảo luận trước đó rồi.

K: Tôi biết là chúng ta đã thảo luận rồi, nhưng tôi chỉ muốn chắc chắn rằng...

P: Anh đã nói chuyện với Bryce hay...

K: Vâng, tất cả đã được thảo luận với các nghị sĩ Quốc hội, và với Bryce.

P: Bryce, và Laird, tôi nghĩ là có.

K: Vâng, Laird muốn để mọi chuyện được yên.

P: À, xin lỗi, chúng tôi vẫn sẽ gửi cái này. Nói cách khác, Laird không muốn ghi vào hồ sơ, phải không?

K: Đúng vậy.

P: Vâng, chúng tôi sẽ ghi vào hồ sơ. Bryce không phản đối việc phản đối, phải không?

K: Không, anh ấy không phản đối. Và Timmons cùng những người khác nghĩ đó là một ý tưởng hay.

P: Tại sao họ lại nghĩ đó là một ý tưởng hay? [Trang 391]

K: Bởi vì khi đó họ không thể nói rằng chúng tôi đã bán đứng họ trong tình đồng nghiệp.

P: Nói cách khác, chúng tôi đổ trách nhiệm cho họ.

K: Tôi có ấn tượng rõ ràng là hiện tại rất nhiều nhà báo đang gọi cho anh ấy về những hệ lụy của việc này.

P: Đúng vậy.

K: Và giờ họ chẳng còn tự tin vào bản thân nữa. Đây đã là một ván cờ tuyệt vời khi chúng ta còn là kẻ phản diện.

P: Vâng. Tôi hoàn toàn ủng hộ lá thư. Tôi chỉ đang cố gắng nghĩ xem chúng ta có nên làm gì thêm nữa không.

K: Không, nguy hiểm đấy, thưa Tổng thống, nếu ngài xin gia hạn rồi bị bác bỏ, thì tín hiệu sẽ còn mạnh hơn nữa.

P: Tôi biết, tôi biết, nên chúng ta không thể làm vậy. À, tôi nghĩ một lá thư—khi nào thì nên gửi đi?

K: Vâng, phải gửi đi ngay hôm nay.

P: Được rồi.

K: Trong khi họ vẫn đang họp.

P: Được rồi. Và Bryce là người duy nhất cần xem lại ngôn từ. Anh ấy biết sự nhạy cảm của những người này. Cứ để anh ấy xem qua một chút. Anh ấy sẽ không đi sâu vào vấn đề chính. Bởi vì tôi đang ở đây, và tôi sẽ không thể xem lại được, hiểu chứ?

K: Được rồi. Tôi sẽ xem lại.

P: Chỉ với Bryce thôi. Khi bạn bắt đầu làm việc theo ủy ban, điều đó không ổn.

K: Được rồi.

P: Bạn đã soạn thảo thư rồi sao?

K: Đúng rồi. Chúng ta có văn bản ở đây.

P: Tốt. Và văn bản của nó, về cơ bản, là...

K: Văn bản của nó là như vậy.

P: Ý tôi là nội dung.

K: Nội dung chính là với sự ủng hộ của nhân dân Mỹ, các ngài đã mang lại hòa bình cho Đông Dương và Lào, và chúng ta cũng đang trong quá trình thực hiện điều này ở Campuchia. Hành động của Quốc hội có tác dụng rút lại sự hỗ trợ quân sự này trong khi các cuộc đàm phán đang diễn ra, và các ngài muốn chỉ ra rằng hậu quả của việc này là rất nghiêm trọng. Và nó đã làm suy yếu các cuộc đàm phán với viễn cảnh đó và sẽ khiến chúng gần như bất khả thi... [Trang 392]

P: Xin nói thẳng, tôi có trách nhiệm chỉ ra cho các nghị sĩ Quốc hội rằng hậu quả là rất nghiêm trọng và...

K: Sau đó, có một đoạn nói rằng ông muốn chỉ ra với Quốc hội rằng, đối với ông, điều đó không có nghĩa là từ bỏ trách nhiệm và cam kết đạo đức của chúng ta, rằng ông sẽ làm mọi thứ trong phạm vi pháp luật cho phép để củng cố chính quyền Campuchia, và đồng thời ông muốn cảnh báo Bắc Việt Nam đừng hiểu lầm điều này và rằng người dân Mỹ sẽ ủng hộ hòa bình, hay điều gì đó tương tự.

P: Vâng, hiệp định hòa bình.

K: Vâng. Vậy nên đó là một lá thư mạnh mẽ.

P: Chúng tôi biết rằng người dân Mỹ cam kết thực thi các điều khoản của hiệp định hòa bình. Tốt. Ông không cần phải cho ai xem. Tôi hiểu rồi. Gửi nó đi.

K: Đúng vậy.

P: Anh thấy đấy, vấn đề là—ừm, tôi không hiểu Laird muốn nói gì khi cứ để mọi chuyện như vậy. Ý ông ta là gì vậy?

K: Ừm, ông ta nghĩ việc đạt được thỏa thuận ngày 15 tháng 8 đã là một chiến thắng lớn rồi.

P: (cười) À, ý anh là chúng ta đã đi được đến mức đó rồi. Có phải ý anh là vậy không?

K: Ờ, ông ta muốn nhận công vì đã đưa chúng ta ra khỏi đó. Và, anh biết đấy, ông ta vẫn luôn cố gắng làm điều đó.

P: Không, tôi hiểu rồi. Giờ thì tôi hiểu rồi. Được rồi, Henry, gửi nó đi.

K: Đúng rồi. Anh đã nhận được một ghi chú từ Heath, đó chỉ là một hành động trì hoãn, nói rằng khi ông ấy trở về từ Ottawa, ông ấy sẽ giải quyết chi tiết vấn đề này. Tối qua tôi đã nhận được phản ứng rất tốt từ Hiệp hội Diễn đàn Quốc tế.

P: Ồ, tốt.

K: Kiểu như vùng Trung Mỹ vậy. Đây là các văn phòng diễn thuyết từ khắp cả nước.

P: Chautauqua, và đủ thứ khác.

K: Và tôi đã nói theo nghĩa tôi đã đề cập với anh rằng về chính sách đối ngoại, chúng ta không thể có một lệnh ngừng bắn trong nỗ lực tìm kiếm hòa bình và chúng ta không được để những chia rẽ trong nước chia rẽ chúng ta. Và đó là một sự hoan nghênh nhiệt liệt, và tôi đã phải đấu tranh để thoát khỏi đó.

P: Tốt.

K: Điều đó chỉ cho thấy về cơ bản anh có rất nhiều sức mạnh trong nước. [Trang 393]

P: Ừ, ha, ha, đúng rồi, đúng rồi. Chà, chuyện Campuchia này thực sự, thực sự gây sốc. Tôi phải nói rằng đó là một chuyện mà chúng ta đã bị lừa, khi Laird và Ford, hơn ai hết, anh biết đấy, Laird đã lừa dối tôi.

K: Chắc chắn rồi.

P: Ông ấy đã gọi điện cho Ford, chết tiệt, ông ấy đâu có nói là chuyện đó.

K: Tất nhiên rồi, tôi biết mà.

P: Và tôi đã ______.

K: Nhưng đó là tuần lễ của John Dean, thưa Tổng thống, và dù sao thì ngài cũng không thắng được. Nhưng ngài đã...

P: Tôi đoán là chúng ta cũng không thắng được, phải không?

K: Không. Ngài sẽ bị đè bẹp.

P: Ừ.

K: Vậy thì...

P: Được rồi. Chúng tôi sẽ ghi lại.

K: Vâng, thưa Tổng thống.

P: Chúng tôi hy vọng những người dân Campuchia tội nghiệp có thể cầm cự lâu hơn chúng ta nghĩ một chút.

K: Vâng, nếu họ có thể cầm cự lâu hơn chúng ta nghĩ, thì chúng ta có thể làm được.

P: Vâng, bạn không bao giờ biết trước được những chuyện này, bạn biết đấy, và thật tệ...

K: Còn một điều nữa, thưa Tổng thống, liên quan đến vấn đề này. Người đàn ông thứ hai chúng ta có ở Campuchia, hiện là Đại biện lâm thời vì cuối cùng chúng ta đã sa thải Đại sứ—muốn có thêm bốn tùy viên quân sự với tư cách bán cố vấn. Bộ Quốc phòng và Bộ Ngoại giao đang kêu cứu, và chúng tôi muốn ra lệnh này.

P: Ra lệnh đi.

K: Vâng, thưa Tổng thống.

P: Tất nhiên rồi, ra lệnh đi. Nhất định phải ra lệnh, không được khóc lóc hay cằn nhằn. Ngay lập tức.

K: Tôi nghĩ nếu chúng ta phải ra lệnh, hồ sơ phải cho thấy chúng ta đã làm tất cả mọi thứ.

P: Bốn tùy viên thì cũng chẳng là gì cả. Ngay lập tức, và đó là điều tốt nhất mà họ có.

K: Nhất định phải ra lệnh.

P: Và đừng có lằng nhằng nữa.

K: Đúng vậy.

P: Được rồi, Henry.

K: Cảm ơn anh.

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d97

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_391

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_392

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_393

Nixon Richard M.,

Vice President of the United States

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon

https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/

https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm

Nixon, Richard M.,

President of the United States

https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon

https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/

https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm

Nixon had a Trip to China from February 21 to 28 1972,

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/nixons-trip-china

http://www.presidentialtimeline.org/

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.mp3

https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault-vietnam/2023-03-24/movement-and-madman

The Vietnam War Johnson and Nixon Administrations Videos

March 2, 2016 Last Aired May 5, 2016

Reflections on Richard Nixon

https://www.c-span.org/program/the-presidency/reflections-on-richard-nixon/431130

July 16, 1973 Last Aired July 22, 2013

Senate Watergate Committee Testimony

https://www.c-span.org/program/vignette/senate-watergate-committee-testimony/316346

April 26, 2016 Last Aired June 5, 2016

Vietnam War Commander in Chief

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/vietnam-war-commanders-in-chief/439971

June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 22, 2013

Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 2

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-2/258425

June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 15, 2013

Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 1

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-1/257651

January 27, 2012 Last Aired June 11, 2012

President Nixon's Secret White House Tapes

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/president-nixons-secret-white-house-tapes/277123

July 25, 1994 Last Aired June 20, 2008

Watergate: Corruption of American Politics

https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/watergate-corruption-of-american-politics/119480

February 16, 2003 Last Aired December 25, 2003

Presidential Tapes: Taping Systems History

https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/presidential-tapes-taping-systems-history/122572

Alexander Butterfield: The 60 Minutes Watergate Interview (1975)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss9AkLUmM4g

Watergate Hearing: Alexander Butterfield Testimony

https://www.c-span.org/clip/congress-investigates/watergate-hearing-alexander-butterfield-testimony/5118203

Alexander Butterfield Was ‘Worried To Death’ Testifying Against Nixon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c52oIe3Gj6w

How Nixon’s Invasion of Cambodia Triggered a Check on Presidential Power

Vietnam War Cambodia and Laos

https://www.history.com/articles/nixon-war-powers-act-vietnam-war-cambodia

Henry A Kissinger

Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until November 3, 1975; also Secretary of State from September 21, 1973

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger

https://www.theguardian.com/world/bilderberg

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/summary

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip

https://china.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/article_node_featured/public/article/featured-image/kissinger-zhou-sm_0.jpg?itok=qDjPx2_m

https://china.usc.edu/catalog/documents/us-china

http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2001/nr01-47.html

https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-july-22-august-3-2011

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#meetings

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#nixon-announcement

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#chinese-accept

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#signals

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#the_aim

http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d4

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d12

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d13

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d141

https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger_and_the_Vietnam_War

Lesson in Vietnam from Kissinger to Nixon: “when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not help them fight it.”

(We also had trouble with excesses here: when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280

Lesson of Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger

https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf

https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html

“Richard M. Nixon and Kissinger on 3 August 1972,” Conversation 760-006, Presidential Recordings Digital Edition [Fatal Politics, ed. Ken Huges] (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2014-). URL:https://prde.upress.virginia.edu/conversations/4006748 

https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0

https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/nixon-kissinger-and-the-decent-interval

https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0

Discover the Truth at:

http://www.theblackvault.com

https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-cias-vietnam-document-cd-rom/

Laird, Melvin R.,

Secretary of Defense after January 22, 1969, Secretary of Defense until January 29, 1973,

Counselor to the President for domestic affairs from June 1973 until February 1974,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Laird

https://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571291/melvin-r-laird/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Battle-of-Quang-Tri/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Marine-Aircraft-Group-15-Deploys-to-Da-Nang/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Battle-of-An-Loc/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Battle-of-Dong-Hoi/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Battle-of-Kontum/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/U-S-Aircraft-Begin-to-Mine-North-Vietnamese-Ports/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Operation-LINEBACKER/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Marine-Aircraft-Group-12-Deploys-to-Bien-Hoa/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/South-Vietnamese-Armed-Forces-Recapture-Quang-Tri-City/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Operation-LINEBACKER-Ends/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/-8220-Peace-is-at-Hand-8221-/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Richard-Nixon-is-Reelected/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Peace-Talks-Stall/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Operation-LINEBACKER-II/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Last-Australian-Forces-Depart/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Paris-Peace-Accords-Signed/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Marine-Aircraft-Group-12-Begins-to-Depart-for-Japan/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Melvin-Laird-Steps-Down-as-Secretary-of-Defense/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/POWs-Return-Home-in-Operation-HOMECOMING/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/South-Korean-Capital-Division-Departs/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Last-U-S-Marine-Corps-Tactical-Unit-in-Vietnam-is-Deactivated/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/South-Korean-9th-Infantry-Division-Departs/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/United-States-Deactivates-Military-Assistance-Command-Vietnam/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Final-Arc-Light-Strikes/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Case-Church-Amendment-Deadline-Halts-All-U-S-Bombing/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/War-Powers-Act-Becomes-Law/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/President-Nixon-Requests-Increased-Aid-for-South-Vietnam/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/President-Richard-M-Nixon-Resigns/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Reduction-in-U-S-Aid-to-South-Vietnam/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/Battle-of-Phuoc-Long/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1972-1974_negotiations_and_passing_the_torch/U-S-Military-Presence-in-South-Vietnam-Totals-50-Personnel/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1945-1964_the_road_to_war/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1965_stemming_the_tide/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1966-1967_taking_the_offensive/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1968_tet_and_shifting_views/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1969-1971_vietnamization/

https://www.vietnamwar50th.com/1975_the_fall_of_saigon/

https://millercenter.org/president/nixon/essays/laird-1969-secretary-of-defense

https://history.defense.gov/Portals/70/Documents/special_studies/SpecStudy6.pdf?ver=LCl1w_kyjEdQqdqgk_VZzQ%3d%3d

https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/us-history-biographies/melvin-robert-laird

Harlow, Bryce N.,

Counselor to the President until 1974

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryce_Harlow

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Director_of_Legislative_Affairs

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/finding-aids/bryce-n-harlow-white-house-central-files-staff-member-and-office-files

https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=HA022

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1987/02/18/bryce-harlow-congressional-liaison-for-2-presidents-dies/85f26cbb-3b0e-496d-a680-9df1ff20ef32/

https://bryceharlow.org/about/who-was-bryce-harlow/biography/

https://prde.upress.virginia.edu/conversations/4011253

https://lbjtapes.org/person/bryce-n-harlow

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President

https://prde.upress.virginia.edu/conversations/4005502

https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/letter-bryce-n-harlow-accepting-his-resignation-counsellor-the-president

https://oac.cdlib.org/institutions/Richard+Nixon+Presidential+Library+and+Museum?descriptions=show

Timmons, William,

Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Timmons_(lobbyist)

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/finding-aids/william-e-timmons-white-house-central-files-staff-member-and-office-files

https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/letter-accepting-the-resignation-william-e-timmons-assistant-the-president

https://geraldrfordfoundation.org/centennial/oralhistory/william-timmons

https://geraldrfordfoundation.org/centennial-docs/oralhistory/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Bill-Timmons.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Director_of_Legislative_Affairs

https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8rf5vm4/

https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/guides/findingaid/Timmons,%20William%20-%20Files.htm

https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/guides/guidecollectionsn-z.asp

https://www.congress.gov/member/william-timmons/T000480?r=12

Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam Paris 27 January 1973

https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2001/10/12/656ccc0d-31ef-42a6-a3e9-ce5ee7d4fc80/publishable_en.pdf

Paris Peace Accords

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords

Peace Negotiations and the Paris Agreement

https://edmoise.sites.clemson.edu/paris.html

Text of Declaration by Paris Conference on Vietnam

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/03/03/archives/text-of-declaration-by-paris-conference-on-vietnam.html

Vietnam War Bibliography Translation Series

https://edmoise.sites.clemson.edu/trans.html#fbis

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