Lãnh Thổ Lãnh Hải Việt-Nam: December 2024

Tuesday, December 31, 2024

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XXX, China

293. Telegram From the Department of State to the Consulate General in Hong Kong 1

Washington, December 27, 1967, 0115Z.

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v30/d293

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v30/d293#fnref:1.7.4.4.856.8.5

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v30/d293#fnref:1.7.4.4.856.14.8.6

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v30/d293#fnref:1.7.4.4.856.14.12.6

Thân thế (các) nhân vật

Berger, Samuel D.,

Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs (East Asian and Pacific Affairs after November 1, 1966) from July 1965 until January 1968

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_D._Berger

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Korea

https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/textonly/WH/EOP/NSC/html/bergerbio.html

https://1997-2001.state.gov/about_state/history/vol_xxvii/persons.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1980/02/13/samuel-berger-former-ambassador-to-s-korea-deputy-in-saigon-dies/44954533-1c54-499e-9d63-4f51d539231e/

Rusk, Dean,

Secretary of State.

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/rusk-david-dean

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_Rusk

https://www.cfr.org/blog/twe-remembers-executive-committee-national-security-council-cuban-missile-crisis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs

https://millercenter.org/president/kennedy/essays/rusk-1961-secretary-of-state

https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/rusk-dean

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_International_Organization_Affairs

Shoesmith, Thomas P.,

Officer in Charge of Republic of China Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State, from October 1967

https://www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib001058/

https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Shoesmith,%20Thomas.toc.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P._Shoesmith

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Malaysia

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/shoesmith-thomas-p

https://www.state.gov/biographies-list/

https://www.state.gov/resources-bureau-of-global-talent-management/#ambassadors

Chow Shu-kai,

Ambassador of the Republic of China to the United States from February 1966

https://1997-2001.state.gov/about_state/history/vol_xxx/persons.html

https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=Y0070147

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v30/persons

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_China_to_the_United_States

https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2024/09/07/2003823378

https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/26/archives/chow-says-peking-will-subvert-un-nationalist-minister-sees-change.html

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v05/d433

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_Republic_of_China_to_the_Holy_See

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d45

Chiang Ching-kuo, Tưởng Kinh Quốc!

General, Defense Minister of the Republic of China from January 1965

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China

https://english.president.gov.tw/Page/85

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chiang-Ching-kuo

https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Chiang_Ching-kuo

https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110810104605724

https://www.jstor.org/stable/30172507

https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8bv7nz9/entire_text/

https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8bv7nz9/

Chiang Kai-shek, Tưởng Giới Thạch

Generalissimo, President of the Republic of China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_National_Government_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_the_Kuomintang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Affairs_Commission

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_surname

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C7%8Eng_(surname)

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chiang-Kai-shek

https://www.thoughtco.com/chiang-kai-shek-4588488

https://www.history.com/topics/asian-history/chiang-kai-shek

https://www.britannica.com/summary/Chiang-Kai-shek

https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/chinese-and-taiwanese-history-biographies/chiang-kai-shek

Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong),

Chairman of the Central Committee of the People’s Republic of China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedong

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_People%27s_Government_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China_(1949%E2%80%931954)

https://www.biography.com/political-figures/mao-tse-tung

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mao_Zedong

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Guards

Wei Tao-ming,

Foreign Minister of the Republic of China from June 1966

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_Tao-ming

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Republic_of_China)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_Provincial_Government

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07075332.2021.1959376

Zhou Enlai-Chu Ân Lai

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Enlai

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d139

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/memorandum-conversation-between-mao-zedong-zhou-enlai-and-henry-kissinger

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/zhou-enlai-talking-ho-chi-minh

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?f[0]=topics:86538&fo[0]=86538

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?search_api_fulltext=&items_per_page=100&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&f%5B0%5D=topics%3A86538&fo%5B0%5D=86538

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?search_api_fulltext=&items_per_page=100&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&f%5B0%5D=topics%3A86538&fo%5B0%5D=86538&page=1

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/search?search_api_fulltext=&items_per_page=100&sort_bef_combine=created_DESC&f%5B0%5D=topics%3A86538&fo%5B0%5D=86538&page=2

Lin Piao (Lin Biao),

Deputy Premier and Minister of Defense of the People’s Republic of China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Biao

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_Premier_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defense_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lin-Biao

Yen Chia-kan

Prime Minister and Vice President of the Republic of China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yen_Chia-kan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_Province

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocational_Assistance_Commission_for_Retired_Servicemen

https://english.president.gov.tw/Page/84

https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000323639.pdf

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/minister-national-defense-chiangs-visit-japan

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/107309/download

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/people/yen-chia-kan-ck-yen

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/minister-national-defense-chiangs-visit-japan

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/107309/download

Li Kwoh-ting,

Minister of Economic Affairs of the Republic of China from February 1956

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Kwoh-ting

https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?post=13643&unit=8,8,20,29,32,32,35,45

Shen, Sampson (Shen Chi), James Shen

Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China until June 1968

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Republic_of_China)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(China)

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v30/d260

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v30/d259

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_China_to_Tonga

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Shen

Yen Chia-kan

Prime Minister and Vice President of the Republic of China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yen_Chia-kan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_premiers_of_the_Republic_of_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_Province

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocational_Assistance_Commission_for_Retired_Servicemen

https://english.president.gov.tw/Page/84

https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000323639.pdf

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/minister-national-defense-chiangs-visit-japan

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/107309/download

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/people/yen-chia-kan-ck-yen

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/minister-national-defense-chiangs-visit-japan

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/107309/download

Johnson, Lyndon B., (Lyndon Baines Johnson)

Vice President until November 22, 1963; thereafter President

http://www.lbjlibrary.net/assets/documents/archives/guides/foreign/International-Monetary-and-Trade-Policy.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson

https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/lyndon-b-johnson-jewish/

https://www.biography.com/political-figures/lyndon-b-johnson

https://masonrytoday.com/index.php?new_month=1&new_day=22&new_year=2019

https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/t/tonkin-gulf-crisis/tonkin-gulf-incidents-of-2-4-aug-1964/uss-maddox-report-of-tonkin-gulf-action-of-4-aug-1964.html

https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/gulf-of-tonkin-incident/

https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1busNe.img?w=800&h=415&q=60&m=2&f=jpg

https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/maddox.jpg

https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/north-vietnam/

https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/lyndon-johnson/

https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/johnsontonkinaddress-e1673228089140.jpg

https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/gulf-of-tonkin-resolution-1964/

https://socratic.org/questions/what-happened-to-the-uss-maddox-in-the-gulf-of-tonkin#:~:text=Supposedly%2C%20the%20USS%20Maddox%20was%20attacked%2C%20although%20realistically%2C,over%20to%20Vietnam%20to%20start%20the%20Vietnam%20war.

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v03/d33

https://history.state.gov/search?q=johnson+administration+in+vietnam&within=entire-site&sort-by=relevance

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Majority_Leader

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Minority_Leader

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Majority_Whip

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives

https://www.lbjlibrary.org/life-and-legacy/the-man-himself/lbjs-ancestors

https://gw.geneanet.org/tdowling?lang=en&n=johnson&p=lyndon+baines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson

GULF OF TONKIN RECORDINGS

https://millercenter.org/gulf-tonkin-recordings

Wang Kuo-ch’uan (Wang Guoquan),

Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to Poland; representative of the People’s Republic of China in ambassadorial talks with the United States from July 1964

https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/ziliao_665539/3602_665543/3604_665547/200011/t20001117_697879.html

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/china-talks

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/taiwan-strait-crises

https://history.state.gov/milestones

https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA279207.pdf

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/topics/sino-us-ambassadorial-talks-1955-1970

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRC-US_Ambassadorial_Talks

List of presidents of the United States

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States

Eisenhower Administration

https://millercenter.org/president/eisenhower/dwight-d-eisenhower-administration

20250101 CDTL Chuyen Di Ruoc Giac Jun 07 1955 Geneva 1954

20241214 CDTL South Vietnam Not Bound by Geneva Accords 1954

https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2024/12/20241214-cdtl-south-vietnam-not-bound.html

20241110 CDTL Tuyên Cáo Lãnh Thổ Lãnh Hải VN

https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2024/11/20241110-cdtl-tuyen-cao-lanh-tho-lanh.html

Vietnamese Communists Relations with China and the Second Indo China Conflict 1956 1962

Quan hệ giữa người cộng sản Việt Nam với Trung Quốc và cuộc xung đột Đông Dương lần thứ hai 1956 1962

https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28956/1/10673200.pdf

19 of 345 pg.

Chapter One

According to the Final Declaration of the 1954 Geneva Conference regarding Vietnam, general elections should be held two years later in July 1956 under the supervision of an international commission composed of representatives of the International Supervisory and Control Commission (ISCC).

Theo Tuyên bố sau cùng của Hội nghị Geneva năm 1954 về Việt Nam, cuộc tổng tuyển cử sẽ được tổ chức sau đó hai năm vào tháng 7 năm 1956 dưới sự giám sát của một ủy ban quốc tế gồm các đại diện của Ủy ban Giám sát và Kiểm soát Quốc tế (ISCC).

It was further stipulated that consultations between the North and the South on the impending general election were to commence a year earlier, from 20 July 1955.

Ngoài ra, còn có quy định rằng các cuộc tham vấn giữa miền Bắc và miền Nam về cuộc tổng tuyển cử sắp tới sẽ bắt đầu sớm hơn một năm, kể từ ngày 20 tháng 7 năm 1955.

On 7 June 1955, Pham Van Dong stated that Hanoi was ready to hold consultations with South Vietnam to discuss the general election.

Ngày 7 tháng 6 năm 1955, Phạm Văn Đồng tuyên bố Hà Nội sẵn sàng tham vấn với miền Nam Việt Nam để thảo luận về tổng tuyển cử.

However on 16 July (1955), Ngo Dinh Diem declared in a broadcast that as South Vietnam did not sign the Geneva Agreements, it was therefore not bound by them.

Tuy nhiên, vào ngày 16 tháng 7 (năm 1955), Ngô Đình Diệm tuyên bố trên sóng phát thanh rằng vì Nam Việt Nam không ký Hiệp định Geneva nên không bị ràng buộc bởi Hiệp định này.

Two days later, on 19 July (1955), Dong sent a note to Diem asking him to nominate delegates for a consultative conference.

Hai ngày sau, ngày 19 tháng 7 (1955), Đồng gửi công hàm cho Diệm yêu cầu ông chỉ định đại biểu tham dự hội nghị tham vấn.

But on 10 August (1955), Diem reaffirmed his declaration of 16 July and rejected any talks with the North. On 21 September (1955), he issued a second statement declaring that there would be no question of a conference or any negotiations with the communists.

Nhưng vào ngày 10 tháng 8 (1955), Diệm tái khẳng định tuyên bố ngày 16 tháng 7 và bác bỏ mọi cuộc đàm phán với miền Bắc.

Vào ngày 21 tháng 9 (1955), ông ra tuyên bố thứ hai, tuyên bố rằng sẽ không có bàn thảo gì về một hội nghị hay bất kỳ cuộc đàm phán nào với những người cộng sản.

Two weeks later, on 4 October (1955), Diem announced that an elected assembly would exist in South Vietnam by the end of the year.

Hai tuần sau, vào ngày 4 tháng 10 (1955), Diệm tuyên bố rằng một hội đồng dân cử sẽ được thành lập ở Nam Việt Nam vào cuối năm.

Following that, on 23 October 1955, he proclaimed South Vietnam a republic with himself as President.

Sau đó, vào ngày 23 tháng 10 năm 1955, ông tuyên bố Nam Việt Nam là một nước cộng hòa và ông giữ chức Tổng thống.

Pham Van Dong continued to urge the co-chairmen of the 1954 Geneva Conference to convene the consultative conference as stated in the provisions of the Geneva Agreements.

Phạm Văn Đồng tiếp tục thúc đẩy các đồng chủ tịch Hội nghị Geneva 1954 triệu tập hội nghị hiệp thương theo đúng quy định của Hiệp định Geneva.

When it was made known by Ngo Dinh Diem in December 1955 that unilateral elections were to be held in South Vietnam during March 1956, his statement was immediately denounced by the Vietnamese communists.

Khi Ngô Đình Diệm thông báo vào tháng 12 năm 1955 rằng cuộc bầu cử đơn phương sẽ được tổ chức tại Nam Việt Nam vào tháng 3 năm 1956, tuyên bố của ông đã ngay lập tức bị những người cộng sản Việt Nam lên án.

1 For details, see Documents relating to British Involvement in the Indo-China Conflict 1945-1965, (Cmnd. 2834), passim; The sequence of events during this period is also encapsulated in Keesing's Contemporary Tirehives, 5-12 July 1958, p p .16276-16277.

2 Hanoi home service, 18 January 1956, SWB/FE/528, p.54.

3 VNA, 29 and 31 December 1955, SWB/FE/523, p. 30.

page 18

page 19

Jan - Jul 1956

Despite Diem's intransigence, many Vietnamese communists, particularly the rank and file, looked forward to July 1956 when the reunification of North and South Vietnam would take place.

Since the conclusion of the Geneva Conference, that was what they had been told by the leadership, time and again, to expect.

The Vietnamese communist leadership however knew from the beginning that the general election stipulated in the 1954 Geneva Agreements would not take place and there would not be a peaceful reunification.

At a meeting in Spring 1959, Le Duan told Janos Radvanyi that no one in Hanoi had been surprised when the election was not held.

In fact, the election was never expected to be held and the reunification of the North and South could only come about by military means.

The election issue was kept alive because it had great propaganda value

Tháng 1 - Tháng 7 năm 1956

Mặc dù Diệm không khoan nhượng, nhiều người cộng sản Việt Nam, đặc biệt là những người cấp dưới, mong đợi đến tháng 7 năm 1956 khi sự thống nhất của Bắc và Nam Việt Nam sẽ diễn ra.

Kể từ khi Hội nghị Geneva kết thúc, ban lãnh đạo nói đi nói lại với họ rằng đó là điều mà họ nên mong đợi.

Tuy nhiên, ban lãnh đạo cộng sản Việt Nam đã biết ngay từ đầu rằng cuộc tổng tuyển cử được quy định trong Hiệp định Geneva năm 1954 sẽ không diễn ra và sẽ không có sự thống nhất hòa bình.

Tại một cuộc họp vào mùa xuân năm 1959, Lê Duẩn nói với Janos Radvanyi rằng không ai ở Hà Nội ngạc nhiên khi cuộc bầu cử không được tổ chức.

Trên thực tế, cuộc bầu cử đang mong đợi sẽ không bao giờ được tổ chức và việc thống nhất Bắc và Nam chỉ có thể diễn ra bằng các biện pháp quân sự.

Vấn đề bầu cử vẫn được duy trì vì nó có giá trị tuyên truyền rất lớn.

https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28956/1/10673200.pdf

Lãnh Thổ Lãnh Hải Việt-Nam

Tuesday, December 31, 2024

20250101 CDTL Ban Giao TCHK TelDepStaConGenHK D293

20250101 CDTL Chuyen Di Ruoc Giac Jun 07 1955 Geneva 1954

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