20230823 Cong Dong Tham Luan Chuyen Di Dem P36
Đây là thời gian chiến dịch Linebacker II sẽ bùng nổ
(Dec. 18 - Dec. 291972)
“Nixon: The P then
took a very strong position, saying about violations, it should be clear
that it will not be on a tit-for-tat basis, it’ll be all-out, regardless of
potential civilian casualties, if we have a provocation.”
Operation LINEBACKER II December 18, 1972
OPERATION LINEBACKER II: AN ANALYSIS IN OPERATIONAL
DESIGN
by Gary H. Williams Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy
Sequence of Events Leading up to Linebacker II
Mar 1972: North Vietnamese Army launches Easter
offensive into South Vietnam.
Linebacker I is implemented authorizing minimal B-52
strikes against targets in North Vietnam for the first time in the war.
Aug 1972: CINCSAC tasks General Johnson (8th Air
Force) with planning a major bombing offensive against North Vietnam.
20 Oct 1972: Bombings north of the 20th parallel are
halted as peace talks improve.
26 Oct 1972: National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger
informs reporters that "Peace is at Hand."
7 Nov 1972: President Nixon is reelected in a
landslide victory over George McGovern.
20 Nov 1972: 21 st session of the secret Paris peace
talks begin.
25 Nov 1972: Peace talks have stalled and are
scheduled to resume on 4 December.
4 Dec 1972: Peace talks resume but the North
Vietnamese have changed their positions on numerous key points already agreed
upon during the November talks.
13 Dec 1972: American linguistic experts discover that
the North Vietnamese have inserted 17 changes into the agreed upon peace
accords.
14 Dec 1972: Kissinger informs President Nixon that
future talks are pointless and that pressure needs to be put on the North
Vietnamese.
14 Dec 1972: President Nixon gives the North
Vietnamese government 72 hours to resume serious negotiations or face severe
consequences.
15 Dec 1972: JCS sends advance warning to CINCPAC and
CINCSAC to prepare for strikes into North Vietnam.
16 Dec 1972: Henry Kissinger publicly announces that
the peace talks in Paris have failed.
17 Dec 1972: JCS sends warning order to CINCPAC,
CINCSAC, and 7th Air Force to commence at 1200Z, 18 December 1972, a maximum
sustained three day effort against targets around Hanoi and Haiphong.
18 Dec 1972: Operation Linebacker II commences with
120 B-52s attacking targets in Hanoi and Haiphong.
18 Dec 1972: White House Press Secretary announces
that the bombings will end only when all U.S. POWs are released and a cease
fire is in effect.
19 Dec 1972: President Nixon extends Linebacker II
indefinitely.
26 Dec 1972: North Vietnamese notify the White House that
they are willing to resume negotiations once the bombings north of the 20th
parallel have stopped.
29 Dec 1972: President Nixon halts Linebacker II after
Hanoi accepts terms for renewed peace talks.
31 Dec 1972: Hanoi issues a statement asserting that the
bombings did not succeed in "subjugating the Vietnamese people."
2 Jan 1973: House Democratic caucus votes to cut off all
funds for the war in Vietnam.
4 Jan 1973: Senate Democratic caucus votes to cut off all
funds for the war in Vietnam.
31 Jan 1973: Paris Peace Accords brings America's
involvement in the war to an end and a return of POWs.
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA325082.pdf
HOW OPERATION LINEBACKER II TOOK THE NORTH
VIETNAMESE BY SURPRISE
https://www.historynet.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Operation-Linebacker-II-map-WINTER-VIEP-23.jpg
https://imgcdn.gamefound.com/projectgallery/projects/2575/442990da-668e-4a89-b0d7-f8feb7bbd29d.jpg
Linebacker 6
https://www.lsus.edu/Documents/SAC%20LSUS/Linebacker%206.pdf
https://www.historynet.com/linebacker-christmas-bombing-vietnam/
B-52 raid on Hanoi with combat livemap - 12/26/1972
https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=60ihI7VU2OY
Operation Linebacker: The Sea-Power Factor
Van Ban Hiep Dinh Paris 27011973
http://suthat-toiac.blogspot.com/2008/07/hip-nh-paris-2711973-vn-bn.html
Agreement on ending the war and restoring peace in
Viet-Nam. Signed at Paris on 27 January 1973
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20935/volume-935-I-13295-English.pdf
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20935/v935.pdf
20230717 Dec 9 72 Hak Tho Negotiations Memorandum 37
37. Memorandum of Conversation
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/ch5
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/d37
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1029
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1030
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1031
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1032
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1033
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1034
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1035
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1036
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1037
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1038
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1039
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1040
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1041
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1042
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1043
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1044
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1045
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1046
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1047
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1048
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d152
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d155
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/d37#fnref:1.7.4.4.24.47.8.2
152. Message From the President’s Assistant for
National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon1
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d152
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/pg_546
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/pg_547
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d73
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d152#fnref:1.7.4.4.12.271.8.5
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d152#fnref:1.7.4.4.12.271.14.4.4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d152#fnref:1.7.4.4.12.271.14.24.2.18.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d152#fnref:1.7.4.4.12.271.14.34.4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d152#fnref:1.7.4.4.12.271.14.42.6
155. Message From the President’s
Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Haig) to the President’s
Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) in Paris1
Washington, December
10, 1972, 2138Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d155
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/pg_556
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/pg_557
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/pg_558
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d152
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d155#fnref:1.7.4.4.12.283.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d155#fnref:1.7.4.4.12.283.14.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d155#fnref:1.7.4.4.12.283.14.26
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d155#fnref:1.7.4.4.12.283.16.14
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d155#fnref:1.7.4.4.12.283.20.4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v09/d155#fnref:1.7.4.4.12.283.22.2
***
NLF=National
Liberation Front=Mặt Trận Dân Tộc Giải Phóng,
PRG=Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam = Chính phủ Cách mạng
Lâm thời Việt Nam,
DRVN= Democratic
Republic of North Vietnam=Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa=cộng sản Bắc Việt.
DRV (also DRVN), Democratic
Republic of (North) Vietnam
NLF, National
Liberation Front, Communist front organization in South Vietnam acting as
political government of the insurgency; later renamed Provisional Revolutionary
Government of Vietnam
NVA, North
Vietnamese Army, term used by the United States for the People’s Army of
(North) Vietnam
PAVN, People’s
Army of (North) Vietnam
PLAF, People’s
Liberation Armed Forces, Communist forces in South Vietnam, synonymous with
Viet Cong
PRG, Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam, political wing of the South Vietnamese
Communist movement, replaced the National Liberation Front (NLF), but the terms
are often used interchangeably
Paris Peace Talks, a
loosely defined term that, depending on context, could mean the secret meetings
between Henry Kissinger for the United States and Le Duc Tho for the Democratic
Republic of (North) Vietnam or the 174 meetings of the public talks held from
1968 to 1973 between the United States and the Republic of (South) Vietnam on
one side and the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam and the Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam on the other; the latter were also known as
Plenary or Avénue Kléber talks
Rue
Darthé, 11 Rue Darthé, the address of one of the residences
of the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam in the Paris suburb of
Choisy-le-Roi used as a venue for the Kissinger-Le Duc Tho negotiations.
Avenue
Kléber (also Ave. Kléber or Kléber), address
of the International Conference Center at the Hotel Majestic in Paris, the site
of the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks; see also Paris
Peace Talks
SALT, Strategic
Arms Limitation Talks
Seven Points, peace
plan presented by Kissinger on May 31, 1971, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho;
peace plan presented by the NLF Delegation in July 1971 at the (plenary) Paris
Peace Talks
Nine
Points, peace plan presented by Xuan
Thuy on June 26, 1971
Ten Points, peace
plan presented by NLF delegate Madame Binh on May 8, 1969, at the (plenary)
Paris Peace Talks; peace plan presented by Le Duc Tho on August 1, 1972, at his
meeting with Kissinger; peace plan presented by Kissinger on August 14, 1972,
at his meeting with Le Duc Tho
Two-Point Elaboration, elaboration
of the Ten Point peace plan presented by the DRV Delegation on February 2,
1972, at the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks
Twelve Points, peace
plan presented by Kissinger on August 1, 1972, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho
strategic hamlets, a
South Vietnamese Government program to counter Viet Cong control in the
countryside. The government relocated farmers into fortified hamlets to provide
defense, economic aid, and political assistance to residents. The hope was that
protection from Viet Cong raids and taxation would bind the rural populace to
the government and gain their loyalty. The program started in 1962, but was
fatally undermined by over expansion and poor execution. By 1964 it had clearly
failed.
GVN, Government of (South) Vietnam
RVN, Republic
of (South) Vietnam
RVNAF, Republic
of (South) Vietnam Armed Forces
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/terms
***
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