20240222 CDTL Diem JFK
Era Coup Stalls P37
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/sources
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/terms
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/persons
Vietnam (Documents 1–383)
Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1961–1963, Volume IV, Vietnam, August–December 1963
37. Memorandum of Conversation1
Washington, August
31, 1963, 11 a.m.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/d37
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/pg_71
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/pg_72
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/pg_73
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/pg_74
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/d37#fnref:1.7.4.6.8.110.8.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/d37#fnref:1.7.4.6.8.110.16.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/d34
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/d37#fnref:1.7.4.6.8.110.18.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v03/pg_636
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/d37#fnref:1.7.4.6.8.110.24.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/d37#fnref:1.7.4.6.8.110.24.12
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/d37#fnref:1.7.4.6.8.110.58.10
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v04/d37#fnref:1.7.4.6.8.110.66.6
Thân
thế (các) nhân vật
Bundy
McGeorge
President’s
Special Assistant for National Security Affairs
https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/us-history-biographies/mcgeorge-bundy
https://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/biographies/mcgeorge-bundy/
https://www.nature.com/articles/383483a0.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGeorge_Bundy
https://www.ranker.com/review/mcgeorge-bundy/1553768
Carter,
Lieutenant General Marshall S.,
USA,
Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
https://www.geni.com/people/Lt-General-Marshall-Carter/6000000027503614665
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Carter
Director of the Far East Division, Operations
Directorate, Central Intelligence Agency
Executive Director, Central Intelligence
Agency until August 1973; Director of Central Intelligence from September 4,
1973
https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB362/index.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Nobody_Knew
https://www.huffpost.com/entry/former-cia-directors-death-raises-questions-divides-family_n_1130176
https://vva.org/arts-of-war/documentaries/new-doc-on-the-mysterious-death-of-william-colby/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Colby
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Colby
Charles De Gaulle,
President of France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Defense_(France)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Algerian_Affairs
https://www.biography.com/political-figures/charles-de-gaulle
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/de-gaulle-elected
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Charles_de_Gaulle
https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/gaulle_charles_de.shtml
President of the Council of Ministers
of the State of Vietnam to October 1955; thereafter President and Chief of
State of the Republic of Vietnam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem
https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/diem-coup
https://www.jfklibrary.org/search?f[0]=subject:Vietnam%20War,%201961-1975
The Diem Coup audio
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/the-diem-coup
February 1, 1966:
President Johnson remembers Diem coup (admitted) to Eugene McCarthy
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/february-1-1966-president
November 4, 1963:
President Kennedy on the Diem coup
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/november-4-1963-president-kennedy-on-the-diem-coup
Toàn văn phát biểu của Tổng Thống Ngô
Đình Diệm trước lưỡng viện Quốc Hội Hoa Kỳ năm 1957
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKqHv23Cq3k
NHỚ LẠI NHỮNG NGÀY Ở CẠNH TỔNG THỐNG
NGÔ ĐÌNH DIỆM (Full) - Tài Nguyễn Diễn Đọc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWTTgB7oE6U&t=6927
Một phụ nữ miền Bắc viết về cố TT Ngô
Đình Diệm.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMEkUQRp01o
"The Death of Diem and Nhu"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8O1HOTXS8A
"The Coup in Saigon"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4IaJYiNanc
"Everybody'll Say We Did It"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jaai1NdZ70k
"We Have Plans
for Withdrawal"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BABdRu7FY0
"The Road to Disaster"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dr5dRFVV-ok
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChty22qJfdeAd8dAee9Mo7g/featured
“The President Is
Dead”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lD-akTUBFWs
“That Wasn't What
Killed Kennedy”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAF0JGttS3E
Kennedy and Vietnam:
The great what-if
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XLhqXt2pww
JFK, LBJ and the Paradox of Vietnam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYRsahM-GqQ&t=2054
BÀI 305: NHÌN LẠI LỊCH SỬ: ĐỆ NHẤT CỘNG
HÒA
http://www.bacaytruc.com/index.php/16996-bai-305-nhin-l-i-l-ch-s-d-nh-t-c-ng-hoa-tac-gi-vu-linh-ddtc
BÀI 306: NHÌN LẠI LỊCH SỬ: ĐỆ NHỊ CỘNG
HÒA
https://diendantraichieu.blogspot.com/2023/11/bai-306-nhin-lai-lich-su-e-nhi-cong-hoa.html
BÀI 307: NHÌN LẠI LỊCH SỬ: VAI TRÒ CỦA
MỸ
http://www.bacaytruc.com/index.php/17092-bai-307-nhin-l-i-l-ch-s-vai-tro-c-a-m-tac-gi-vu-linh-ddtc
Meetings: Tape 109.
Meeting on Vietnam, 10 September 1963
https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem/Related_Articles
JFK and the Diem Coup
https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB101/
Evidence on the Diem Coup in South Vietnam
1963
https://www.tokyoprogressive.org/evidence-on-the-diem-coup-in-south-vietnam-1963/
***Tài
liệu liên quan tới Diệm Coup***
Hồi
Ký Miền Nam | ĐÊM PHAN THIẾT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=skRKrMGtVKY&t=1771
Forrestal, Michael V.,
member, National Security Council Staff
https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/jfknsf
https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/radpp
https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/photograph-records/64-1126
Gilpatric,
Roswell L.,
Deputy
Secretary of Defense and member of the Counterinsurgency Group
https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/RLGPP
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell_Gilpatric
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force
https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/taxonomy/term/6668
Harkins, Paul Donal
MACV
MAAG Military Assistance Advisory Group
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Assistance_Advisory_Group#MAAG_Indochina;_MAAG_Vietnam
https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/collection/data/829245148
https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/collection/data/829245148
https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/?q=topic_sort:%22Vietnam+War%2C+1961-1975%22
https://www.historynet.com/the-battle-at-ap-bac-changed-americas-view-of-the-vietnam-war/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_D._Harkins
Deputy
Director for Plans, Central Intelligence Agency
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/the-rise-and-fall-of-richard-helms-191224/
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/the-rise-and-fall-of-richard-helms-191224/2/
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/the-rise-and-fall-of-richard-helms-191224/3/
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/the-rise-and-fall-of-richard-helms-191224/4/
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/the-rise-and-fall-of-richard-helms-191224/5/
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/the-rise-and-fall-of-richard-helms-191224/6/
https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2002/11/the-nasty-career-of-cia-director-richard-helms.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Helms
Director
of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research until April 25, 1963; thereafter
Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs
https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hilsman-roger
https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Roger_Hilsman
https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/hilsman-roger-jr
https://www.geni.com/people/Roger-Hilsman-Jr/6000000025930163540
https://history.state.gov/search?q=Hilsman%2C+Roger%2C+Jr.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Hilsman
Johnson, Lyndon B., (Lyndon Baines Johnson)
Vice President until November 22, 1963;
thereafter President
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson
https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/lyndon-b-johnson-jewish/
https://www.biography.com/political-figures/lyndon-b-johnson
https://masonrytoday.com/index.php?new_month=1&new_day=22&new_year=2019
https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/gulf-of-tonkin-incident/
https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1busNe.img?w=800&h=415&q=60&m=2&f=jpg
https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/maddox.jpg
https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/north-vietnam/
https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/lyndon-johnson/
https://alphahistory.com/vietnamwar/gulf-of-tonkin-resolution-1964/
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v03/d33
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Majority_Leader
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Minority_Leader
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_Majority_Whip
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives
https://www.lbjlibrary.org/life-and-legacy/the-man-himself/lbjs-ancestors
https://gw.geneanet.org/tdowling?lang=en&n=johnson&p=lyndon+baines
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson
GULF OF TONKIN RECORDINGS
https://millercenter.org/gulf-tonkin-recordings
Kattenburg, Paul M.,
Intelligence Research Specialist in the
Division of Research for Far East of the Office of Intelligence Research,
Department of State, to June 1955; detailed to Saigon, June–September 1955;
Officer in Charge of Vietnam Affairs, November 1955–December 1956; thereafter
Second Secretary of the Embassy in the Philippines
https://archives.library.sc.edu/repositories/6/resources/168
https://archives.library.sc.edu/subjects/2292
Kennedy, John F.,
President of the United States until November 22, 1963
How much did the
US government know about the November 1, 1963, assassination of South
Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem?
JFK and the Diem Coup
https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB101/
Evidence on the Diem Coup in South Vietnam
1963
https://www.tokyoprogressive.org/evidence-on-the-diem-coup-in-south-vietnam-1963/
https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/diem-coup
https://millercenter.org/kennedy-commitment
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/february-1-1966-president
https://player.vimeo.com/video/233989068
https://player.vimeo.com/video/233892163
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/kennedy.htm
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/esp_sociopol_brotherhoodsecretsocieties.htm#Books_-_Treaties
Tran Thien
Khiem,
General,
ARVN, Chief of Staff after November 1, 1963, Military Affairs member, Executive
Committee of the Military Revolutionary Council
Krulak,
Major General Victor H.,
USMC,
Special Assistant for Counterinsurgency and Special Activities, Joint Staff of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_H._Krulak
Ambassador to South Vietnam from August 26, 1963
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_South_Vietnam
https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/us-history-biographies/henry-cabot-lodge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabot_family
McNamara, Robert S.,
Secretary of Defense
https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/us-history-biographies/robert-strange-mcnamara
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_World_Bank_Group
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McNamara
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-S-McNamara
https://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571271/robert-s-mcnamara/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DoD_Organization_December_2013.jpg
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-S-McNamara
https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/revamped
https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/RSMPP
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pentagon-Papers
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/07/us/07mcnamara.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
http://abcnews.go.com/Archives/video/nov-29-1967-robert-mcnamara-resigns-12266315
http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2006/08/hitchens200608
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs225/en/
http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/12/opinion/mr-mcnamara-s-war.html
http://www.errolmorris.com/film/fow_transcript.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Gulf-of-Tonkin-incident
Director, United States Information Agency
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/edward-r-murrow
https://exhibits.tufts.edu/spotlight/edward-r-murrow/feature/biography-of-edward-r-murrow
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_R._Murrow
https://www.jfklibrary.org/asset-viewer/archives/usiaau-005-r01
Ngo
Dinh Nhu,
brother
of President Diem; Presidential Counselor and Head of the Interministerial
Committee for Strategic Hamlets until November 1, 1963
Madame
(Tran Le Xuan) Ngo Dinh Nhu,
wife
of Ngo Dinh Nhu and member of the Vietnamese National Assembly; official
hostess for President Diem
Ambassador to Vietnam until August 15, 1963
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Nolting
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_South_Vietnam
https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/nolting-frederick-ernest
https://www.state.gov/resources-bureau-of-global-talent-management/#ambassadors
https://www.state.gov/biographies-list/
https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/chiefsofmission/vietnam-south
https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Frederick_Nolting_Jr.
https://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_A2513CA622CC4C8E8454EB2B1F7F5A0C
https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu01884.xml
https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/oral-histories/nolting
Richardson, John H.,
Chief of Central Intelligence Agency Station in Saigon until October
5, 1963
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP75-00001R000200410035-3.pdf
https://www.npr.org/2005/08/13/4796359/my-father-the-spy
http://findingaid.winterthur.org/html/HTML_Finding_Aids/COL0602.htm
Executive Secretary of the National Security
Council
https://historyinpieces.com/research/files/2014/08/Smith-NSC-History-1988.pdf
http://www.lbjlibrary.net/assets/documents/archives/oral_histories/smith_b/SMITH-B1.PDF
http://www.lbjlibrary.net/assets/documents/archives/oral_histories/smith_b/SMITH-B2.PDF
http://www.lbjlibrary.net/collections/oral-histories/smith-bromley.html
https://historyinpieces.com/research/meetings-excomm-executive-committee-national-security-council
Taylor, General Maxwell
D.,
Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell_D._Taylor
https://www.historynet.com/gen-maxwell-taylors-cable/
https://armyhistory.org/general-maxwell-davenport-taylor/
https://www.jcs.mil/About/The-Joint-Staff/Chairman/General-Maxwell-Davenport-Taylor
Trueheart,
William C.,
Minister-Counselor
and Deputy Chief of Mission in Vietnam
https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/photograph-records/2014-2296
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_C._Trueheart
https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Trueheart,%20William.toc.pdf
https://www.loc.gov/item/mfdipbib001191/
List of
presidents of the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States
Eisenhower Administration
https://millercenter.org/president/eisenhower/dwight-d-eisenhower-administration
Lesson in Vietnam from
Kissinger to Nixon:… “when we made it “our war” we would not let
the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not
help them fight it.”
(We
also had trouble with excesses here: when we
made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again
became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we
prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared
themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force
invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280
Lesson of
Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf
https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html
List of Participants in the Geneva
Conference on Indochina
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v16/ch5subch4
The Geneva Conference on Indochina May
8–July 21, 1954
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v16/comp2
Geneva
Agreements 20-21 July 1954
https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/KH-LA-VN_540720_GenevaAgreements.pdf
March 10
1956 Election in South Vietnam
Election processes in
South Vietnam
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79T00826A000400010040-7.pdf
Vietnam’s
Un-held 1956 Reunification Elections
https://ecommons.cornell.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/020691c4-6762-44f0-903b-390c67a04188/content
PRETENSE
TO DEMOCRACY: THE U.S. ROLE IN THE SUBVERSION OF THE VIETNAMESE ELECTION OF
1956
https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2761&context=theses
Van Ban
Hiep Dinh Paris 27011973
http://suthat-toiac.blogspot.com/2008/07/hip-nh-paris-2711973-vn-bn.html
Agreement
on ending the war and restoring peace in Viet-Nam.
Signed at
Paris on 27 January 1973
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20935/volume-935-I-13295-English.pdf
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20935/v935.pdf
***
NLF=National Liberation Front=Mặt Trận Dân Tộc Giải Phóng,
PRG=Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam = Chính phủ Cách mạng Lâm thời Việt Nam,
DRVN= Democratic Republic of North Vietnam=Việt
Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa=cộng sản Bắc Việt.
DRV (also DRVN), Democratic
Republic of (North) Vietnam
NLF, National
Liberation Front, Communist front organization in South Vietnam acting as
political government of the insurgency; later renamed Provisional Revolutionary
Government of Vietnam
NVA, North
Vietnamese Army, term used by the United States for the People’s Army of
(North) Vietnam
PAVN, People’s
Army of (North) Vietnam
PLAF, People’s
Liberation Armed Forces, Communist forces in South Vietnam, synonymous with
Viet Cong
PRG, Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam, political wing of the South Vietnamese
Communist movement, replaced the National Liberation Front (NLF), but the terms
are often used interchangeably
Paris Peace Talks, a
loosely defined term that, depending on context, could mean the secret meetings
between Henry Kissinger for the United States and Le Duc Tho for the Democratic
Republic of (North) Vietnam or the 174 meetings of the public talks held from
1968 to 1973 between the United States and the Republic of (South) Vietnam on
one side and the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam and the Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam on the other; the latter were also known as
Plenary or Avénue Kléber talks
Rue
Darthé, 11 Rue Darthé, the address of one of the residences
of the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam in the Paris suburb of
Choisy-le-Roi used as a venue for the Kissinger-Le Duc Tho negotiations.
Avenue
Kléber (also Ave. Kléber or Kléber), address
of the International Conference Center at the Hotel Majestic in Paris, the site
of the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks; see also Paris
Peace Talks
SALT, Strategic
Arms Limitation Talks
Seven Points, peace
plan presented by Kissinger on May 31, 1971, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho;
peace plan presented by the NLF Delegation in July 1971 at the (plenary) Paris
Peace Talks
Nine
Points, peace plan presented by Xuan
Thuy on June 26, 1971
Ten Points, peace
plan presented by NLF delegate Madame Binh on May 8, 1969, at the (plenary)
Paris Peace Talks; peace plan presented by Le Duc Tho on August 1, 1972, at his
meeting with Kissinger; peace plan presented by Kissinger on August 14, 1972,
at his meeting with Le Duc Tho
Two-Point Elaboration, elaboration
of the Ten Point peace plan presented by the DRV Delegation on February 2,
1972, at the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks
Twelve Points, peace
plan presented by Kissinger on August 1, 1972, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho
strategic hamlets, a
South Vietnamese Government program to counter Viet Cong control in the
countryside. The government relocated farmers into fortified hamlets to provide
defense, economic aid, and political assistance to residents. The hope was that
protection from Viet Cong raids and taxation would bind the rural populace to
the government and gain their loyalty. The program started in 1962, but was
fatally undermined by over expansion and poor execution. By 1964 it had clearly
failed.
GVN, Government of (South) Vietnam
RVN, Republic
of (South) Vietnam
RVNAF, Republic
of (South) Vietnam Armed Forces
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus19676v42/terms
***
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