20230922 Cong Dong Tham Luan Chuyen Di Dem P66
Dưới áp lực của Hoa Kỳ Tổng Thống Thiệu không còn một
lựa chọn nào khác hơn là phải ký một hiệp ước hòa bình giả tạo bất bình đẳng
cho miền Nam.
“As in the earlier negotiations on the January Peace Accords, South Vietnam refused to
accept the draft communiqué on implementing the Accords. The United
States began to pressure South Vietnam to accept the draft in the immediate
aftermath of the May meetings. During the June
round of meetings, South Vietnam continued to resist the U.S.
pressure, which culminated in a June 12 letter
from President Nixon to President Thieu that reads in
part:
“If you refuse to accept these results and
continue to decline to instruct your representative to sign the communiqué,
you will have repudiated my entire policy of
constant support for you, your government, and your country.
“If you choose this course, Mr. President, you will have determined the
future of my administration’s policy with respect to Viet-Nam. I will be forced
to follow American congressional and public opinion by supporting only marginal
humanitarian necessities with respect to your people and will be able, with
justice, to forego all the hard decisions and tasks which would have been
involved in the military and economic programs we discussed in San Clemente
[when Thieu visited Nixon in early April]. Needless to say, it
will be the end of our effort elsewhere in Indochina. I will regard such a
choice as being directed at my personal judgement and my personal commitments.”
( Foreign
Relations, 1969–1976, vol. X, Vietnam, January 1973–July 1975, Document 81) For a detailed
documentary account of the campaign to obtain Thieu’s agreement to the
communiqué, beginning in late May, see ibid., Documents
60–82.
This U.S. campaign to obtain Thieu’s agreement succeeded, and
representatives of the four entities, including South Vietnam, signed the
communiqué on the afternoon of June 13. Kissinger
and Le Duc Tho signed the two-party
communiqué later that day.”
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d66
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d81
67. Memorandum of Conversation1
Paris, June 13,
1973, noon–1:15 p.m.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/d67
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1721
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1722
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1723
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1724
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1725
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1726
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1727
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1728
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/pg_1729
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d81
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d60
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d82
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d84
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/d67#fnref:1.7.4.4.32.61.8.2
60. Backchannel Message From the
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs
(Sullivan) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs
(Kissinger)1
Saigon, May 24,
1973, 0830Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d60
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_290
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_291
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v18/d33
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d56fn2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d60#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.188.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d60#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.188.18.7
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d60#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.188.24.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d60#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.188.30.8
61. Backchannel Message From the
Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs
(Sullivan) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs
(Kissinger)1
Vientiane, May 26,
1973, 0849Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d61
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_293
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d61#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.192.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d61#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.192.12.6
62. Backchannel Message From the
President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Acting
Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse)1
Washington, May 30,
1973, 2301Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d62
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_295
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d62#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.196.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d62#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.196.32.4
63. Backchannel Message From the
Acting Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse) to the President’s Assistant for
National Security Affairs (Kissinger)1
Saigon, June 2,
1973, 0145Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d63
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_297
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d63#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.200.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d63#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.200.18.2
64. Backchannel Message From the
President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Acting
Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse)1
Washington, June 5,
1973, 0148Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d64
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_298
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d63
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d64#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.202.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d64#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.202.22.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d64#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.202.26.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d64#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.202.28.4
65. Backchannel Message From the
President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Acting
Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse)1
Paris, June 6, 1973,
2107Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d65
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d65#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.206.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d65#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.206.12.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d64fn4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d65#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.206.14.4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d66
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d65#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.206.16.2
66. Backchannel Message From the
President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Acting
Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse)1
Paris, June 6, 1973,
2130Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d66
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_301
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d66#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.210.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d64fn4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d66#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.210.20.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d64
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d66#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.210.20.8
67. Backchannel Message From the
Acting Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse) to the President’s Assistant for
National Security Affairs (Kissinger) in Paris1
Saigon, June 7,
1973, 0720Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d67
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_303
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_304
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d66
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d67#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.214.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d67#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.214.22.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d63
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d67#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.214.24.2
68. Backchannel Message From the
Acting Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse) to the President’s Assistant for
National Security Affairs (Kissinger) in Paris1
Saigon, June 7,
1973, 1220Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d68
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_305
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d68#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.216.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d68#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.216.12.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d67
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d68#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.216.14.8.10
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d68#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.216.14.20.2
69. Backchannel Message From the President’s
Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Acting Ambassador to
Vietnam (Whitehouse)1
Paris, June 7, 1973,
1423Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d69
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_307
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_308
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d69#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.220.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d69#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.220.18.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d67
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d69#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.220.26.2
70. Backchannel Message From the
Acting Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse) to the President’s Assistant for
National Security Affairs (Kissinger) in Paris1
Saigon, June 8,
1973, 0700Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d70
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_309
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_310
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d67
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d70#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.222.32.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d69
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d70#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.222.22.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d75fn2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d70#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.222.42.4
71. Backchannel Message From the
President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Acting
Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse)1
Paris, June 8, 1973,
2120Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d71
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_311
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d71#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.224.8.6
72. Backchannel Message From the
Acting Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse) to the President’s Assistant for
National Security Affairs (Kissinger) in Paris1
Saigon, June 9,
1973, 0630Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d72
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_312
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d69
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d70fn4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d71
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d64
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d72#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.226.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d72#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.226.12.8
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d72#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.226.20.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d72#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.226.26.2
73. Backchannel Message From the
Acting Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse) to the President’s Assistant for
National Security Affairs (Kissinger) in Paris1
Saigon, June 10,
1973, 0945Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d73
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_314
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_315
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_316
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d73#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.230.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d73#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.230.12.4
74. Backchannel Message From the
President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Acting
Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse)1
Washington, June 10,
1973, 1626Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d74
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_317
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d73
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d74#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.232.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d74#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.232.12.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d74#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.232.12.4
75. Backchannel Message From the
Acting Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse) to the President’s Assistant for
National Security Affairs (Kissinger)1
Saigon, June 11,
1973, 0905Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d75
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_319
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_320
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d71
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d75#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.236.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d75#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.236.20.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d75#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.236.38.2
76. Memorandum From the President’s
Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon1
Washington, June 11,
1973.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d76
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_322
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_323
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_324
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_325
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d76#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.240.8.5
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d76#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.240.22.4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d76#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.240.30.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d76#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.240.32.16.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d76#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.240.32.16.10
77. Transcript of Telephone
Conversation Between President Nixon and the President’s Assistant for National
Security Affairs (Kissinger)1
Washington, June 11,
1973, 8:30 a.m.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d77
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_326
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d77#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.242.8.6
78. Backchannel Message From the
President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Acting
Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse)1
Washington, June 11,
1973, 1459Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d78
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_327
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_328
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d75
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d78#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.244.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d78#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.244.18.2
79. Memorandum of Conversation1
Washington, June 11,
1973.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d79
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_329
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_330
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_331
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d60
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d79#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.246.8.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d79#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.246.60.4
80. Conversation Between President
Nixon and the President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs
(Scowcroft)1
Washington, June 12,
1973.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d80
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_332
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_333
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_334
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_335
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_336
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_337
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d80#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.248.8.6
81. Backchannel Message From the
President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to the Acting
Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse)1
Paris, June 12,
1973, 1917Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d81
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_338
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_339
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d81#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.250.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d81#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.250.16.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d81#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.250.22.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d81#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.250.26.2
82. Backchannel Message From the
Acting Ambassador to Vietnam (Whitehouse) to the President’s Assistant for
National Security Affairs (Kissinger) in Paris1
Saigon, June 13,
1973, 0540Z.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d82
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_341
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d82#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.254.8.6
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d81
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d82#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.254.20.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d82#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.254.24.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d78
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d82#fnref:1.7.4.4.8.254.32.2
Lesson in Vietnam
from Kissinger to Nixon:… “when we made it “our war” we would not
let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would
not help them fight it.”
Lesson of Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf
https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html
Van Ban Hiep Dinh Paris 27011973
http://suthat-toiac.blogspot.com/2008/07/hip-nh-paris-2711973-vn-bn.html
Agreement on ending the war and restoring
peace in Viet-Nam.
Signed at Paris on 27 January 1973
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20935/volume-935-I-13295-English.pdf
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20935/v935.pdf
***
NLF=National
Liberation Front=Mặt Trận Dân Tộc Giải Phóng,
PRG=Provisional Revolutionary
Government of Vietnam = Chính phủ Cách mạng Lâm thời Việt
Nam,
DRVN= Democratic
Republic of North Vietnam=Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa=cộng sản Bắc Việt.
DRV (also DRVN), Democratic
Republic of (North) Vietnam
NLF, National
Liberation Front, Communist front organization in South Vietnam acting as
political government of the insurgency; later renamed Provisional Revolutionary
Government of Vietnam
NVA, North
Vietnamese Army, term used by the United States for the People’s Army of
(North) Vietnam
PAVN, People’s
Army of (North) Vietnam
PLAF, People’s
Liberation Armed Forces, Communist forces in South Vietnam, synonymous with
Viet Cong
PRG, Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam, political wing of the South Vietnamese
Communist movement, replaced the National Liberation Front (NLF), but the terms
are often used interchangeably
Paris Peace Talks, a
loosely defined term that, depending on context, could mean the secret meetings
between Henry Kissinger for the United States and Le Duc Tho for the Democratic
Republic of (North) Vietnam or the 174 meetings of the public talks held from
1968 to 1973 between the United States and the Republic of (South) Vietnam on
one side and the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam and the Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam on the other; the latter were also known as
Plenary or Avénue Kléber talks
Rue
Darthé, 11 Rue Darthé, the address of one of the residences
of the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam in the Paris suburb of Choisy-le-Roi
used as a venue for the Kissinger-Le Duc Tho negotiations.
Avenue
Kléber (also Ave. Kléber or Kléber), address
of the International Conference Center at the Hotel Majestic in Paris, the site
of the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks; see also Paris
Peace Talks
SALT, Strategic
Arms Limitation Talks
Seven Points, peace
plan presented by Kissinger on May 31, 1971, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho;
peace plan presented by the NLF Delegation in July 1971 at the (plenary) Paris
Peace Talks
Nine
Points, peace plan presented by Xuan
Thuy on June 26, 1971
Ten Points, peace
plan presented by NLF delegate Madame Binh on May 8, 1969, at the (plenary)
Paris Peace Talks; peace plan presented by Le Duc Tho on August 1, 1972, at his
meeting with Kissinger; peace plan presented by Kissinger on August 14, 1972,
at his meeting with Le Duc Tho
Two-Point Elaboration, elaboration
of the Ten Point peace plan presented by the DRV Delegation on February 2,
1972, at the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks
Twelve Points, peace
plan presented by Kissinger on August 1, 1972, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho
strategic hamlets, a
South Vietnamese Government program to counter Viet Cong control in the
countryside. The government relocated farmers into fortified hamlets to provide
defense, economic aid, and political assistance to residents. The hope was that
protection from Viet Cong raids and taxation would bind the rural populace to
the government and gain their loyalty. The program started in 1962, but was
fatally undermined by over expansion and poor execution. By 1964 it had clearly
failed.
GVN, Government of (South) Vietnam
RVN, Republic
of (South) Vietnam
RVNAF, Republic
of (South) Vietnam Armed Forces
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/terms
***
No comments:
Post a Comment