20210522 Chung Cu Ban Bien Dao
Land border pact shows China, Vietnam can 'solve maritime issues without external intervention'
Global Times Published: 2020/8/23 22:16:52
https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2020/08/mil-200823-globaltimes01.htm
The Sino-Vietnamese Agreement on Maritime Boundary Delimitation in the Gulf of Tonkin
- February 2005
- Ocean Development and International Law 36(1):13-24
Authors: Keyuan Zou
China-Vietnam Bilateral Relations
2005-10-28 02:30:19 Xinhua English
http://english.sina.com/1/2005/1028/51407.html
The Sino-Vietnamese Approach to Managing Boundary Disputes
- January 2002
- Edition: Maritime Briefing, Vol. 3, No. 5
- Publisher: International Boundaries Research Unit, University of Durham
- Editor: Shelagh Furness and Clive Schofield
- Project: China-Vietnam relations
Authors:
06-531.2 Vietnam - Trade Agreement on Market Access for Beef and Beef By-Products
Trade: Beef and Beef By-Products
Agreement effected by exchange of letters at Hanoi May 31, 2006; entered into force May 31, 200
06-531.3 Vietnam - Agreement on Agriculture Biotechnology
Trade: Agriculture Biotechnology
Agreement effected by exchange of letters at Hanoi May 31, 2006; entered into force May 31, 2006.
06-531.4 Vietnam - Agreement regarding Supply of Energy Services under Contract
Trade: Energy Services
Agreement effected by exchange of letters at Hanoi May 31, 2006; entered into force May 31, 2006.
06-531.5 Vietnam - Agreement on Elimination of Prohibited Subsidies and Related Matters
Trade: Prohibited Subsidies and Related Matters
Agreement effected by exchange of letters at
Hanoi May 31, 2006; entered into force May 31, 2006.
06-531.6 Vietnam - Trade - Agreement on Export Duties on Ferrous
and Nonferrous Scrap Metal
Trade: Ferrous and Nonferrous Scrap Metal
Agreement signed at Hanoi May 31, 2006;
entered into force May 31, 2006. With annex.
06-531.7 Vietnam - Trade - Agreement on Shelf Life of Certain
Food and Food Additives
Trade: Shelf Life of Certain Food and Food Additives
Agreement effected by exchange of letters at
Hanoi May 31, 2006; entered into force May 31, 2006.
06-531.8 Vietnam - Trade - Agreement on Export Certificates for
Poultry and Meat Products
Trade: Poultry and Meat Products
Agreement effected by exchange of letters at Hanoi May 31, 2006; entered into force May 31, 2006.
https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/l/treaty/tias/2006/index.htm
Timeline of Sino-Vietnamese relations
(China Daily)
Updated: 2006-11-17 05:49
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-11/17/content_735566.htm
Land border pact shows China, Vietnam can 'solve maritime issues without external intervention'
Global Times
By Yang Sheng and Chen Qingqing Source: Global Times Published: 2020/8/23 22:16:52
China and Vietnam celebrated the 20th anniversary of delimitation their territorial boundaries, a historic border land treaty between the two countries which sends a clear message that neighboring countries can solve disputes without being influenced by external forces, as the US has recently increased the provocation in the South China Sea, Chinese experts said.
Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Vietnamese Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Pham Binh Minh attended an event in Dongxing, South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region that commemorated the 20th anniversary of the demarcation of the China-Vietnam land boundary and 10th anniversary of setting up pillars to demarcate the border on Sunday.
The two foreign ministers inspected the boundary pillars and traced in red ink over characters printed on each county's first boundary stone, and agreed to promote the comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership between China and Vietnam to a new level.
We must learn from the successful practice of dealing with land borders to resolve maritime issues at an early date, Wang said at the ceremony on Sunday.
China and Vietnam have accumulated valuable experience in delimiting the land boundary and completing the demarcation of the Beibu Gulf, he said, noting that the two countries are fully capable and have the wisdom to continue negotiations and consultations to further resolve maritime issues, the Chinese Foreign Minister said.
The two sides must focus on the overall situation of bilateral relations and the needs of long-term cooperation, actively carry out dialogue and consultation, find a basic and long-term solution acceptable to both sides, and jointly maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea, Wang noted.
The ceremony was the second meeting between Wang and Pham inside a month after the 12th Meeting of the China-Vietnam Steering Committee for Bilateral Cooperation which was held on July 21 via videoconference. The conference is widely believed to have sent a clear signal to Vietnam that it should avoid miscalculations with China on the South China Sea issue.
The anniversary celebration between China and Vietnam comes amid rising tension in the South China Sea, especially after the US made a rare move of sending two aircraft carriers to the region recently.
The controversial maneuver made waves and forced Southeast Asian countries to make a choice between China and the US, according to some experts. However, the past history of resolving border matters shows that countries in the region can solve their own disputes by not being interfered with by external forces, Chinese experts noted.
Li Haidong, a professor at the Institute of International Relations of the China Foreign Affairs University, told the Global Times on Sunday that "the experience and wisdom that China and Vietnam have to solve the dispute on land can also inspire and guide not only the two sides but also other countries in the region to solve their disputes in the South China Sea."
Xu Liping, director of the Center for Southeast Asian Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times on Sunday that the celebration delivers a clear signal to the world that China and Vietnam are able to solve border disputes through the bilateral model and that the sovereignty dispute in the South China Sea will not affect overall relations and cooperation between the two countries.
"When China and Vietnam negotiated to solve the territorial dispute on land, there was no interference from any other country and the two sides solved the problem based on their own interests after the border military conflicts in the late 1970s and the 1980s, so this is proof that without external and non-regional intervention, China can solve disputes with its neighbors successfully," Li said.
China and Vietnam signed the landmark Land Boundary Treaty in December 1999 and the two sides exchanged instruments of ratification on the treaty which took effect on July 6 in 2000, the Xinhua News Agency reported. With the signing of the treaty, all outstanding issues relating to the land border were resolved, the Chinese Foreign Ministry said.
"The solution of the land dispute between China and Vietnam 20 years ago has proved that China and its neighbors can solve the problem without any external intervention. The external forces outside the region, especially the US and its allies, that are trying to interfere in the regional issue will only make the situation get more complicated and too difficult to solve," Xu noted.
Chinese experts have warned Vietnam not to fall into a US trap as Washington only wants to use the disputes between China and Vietnam to incite conflicts and create chaos and instability. It wants to use regional countries to contain China without any cost to itself.
"Anyone who can understand the basic facts of international relations can discern that the US is just using those countries to serve its Indo-Pacific strategy to contain China, and it wants to see conflict more than cooperation in the region," Li said.
During the 12th Meeting of the China-Vietnam Steering Committee for Bilateral Cooperation in July, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, for the first time since 2006, harshly criticized extremist forces in the US that have provoked ideological disputes and coerced countries to pick sides in an attempt to bring back the notorious McCarthy era.
Wang said that as both China and Vietnam are socialist countries led by communist parties, upholding the socialist system conforms with the common interests of the two countries.
The situation of the South China Sea has been improving in the past years. China and other littoral countries have maintained dialogue and communication through consultation mechanisms on maritime affairs. The COC consultations are proceeding smoothly and speedily, with the second reading of the text already under way, and China and ASEAN members have agreed to conclude the COC at an early date, Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi said on the sidelines of the 13th National People's Congress on May 25.
But the US government has not given up stirring up the tension by carefully deploying and orienting its steps in the region. In mid-July US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said that most of China's maritime claims in the South China Sea are "completely unlawful," and he accused China of "bullying" Southeast Asian countries. Analysts warned that the US will stir up more troubles, incite more confrontations in the region and engage in more radical and dangerous moves in stirring up military conflicts with China.
https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2020/08/mil-200823-globaltimes01.htm
China-Vietnam Bilateral Relations
2005-10-28 02:30:19 Xinhua English
(Last Update: 2003/10/23)
I. Political Relations
Traditional friendship between China and Vietnam as well as the people of the two countries has enjoyed a long history. On January 18, 1950, the two countries established diplomatic relations. The Chinese Government and people rendered full support to the long-term revolutionary struggle of Vietnam against France and the US, and provided Vietnam with huge military and economic aid. Vietnam regards China as its strong backing, and the two countries have developed extensive cooperation in the political, military and economic fields. In late 1970s, however, Sino-Vietnamese relations deteriorated. In November 1991, at the invitation of General Secretary Jiang Zemin and Premier Li Peng, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Vietnamese Communist Party Do Muoi and Chairman of the Council of Minister Vo Van Kiet visited China, and both sides declared in end to the past and the start into the future So that the party and state relations between the two countries were normalized.
Since then, the party and state relations between China and Vietnam have seen an overall restoration and in-depth development. There were frequent contacts and exchanges of visits between the leaders of the two countries, and friendly exchanges and mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields between the two sides were continuously strengthened. At the start of 1999, the general secretaries of the two parties set "long-standing stability, facing the future, neighborliness and friendship, all-round cooperation" as the framework guiding Sino-Vietnamese relations in the new century. In 2000, the two countries issued the Joint Statement on all-round cooperation in the new century, drawing up a concrete programme for the development of friendly relations and cooperation between them. Between February 17 and March 1, 2002, general secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party cum President Jiang Zemin paid an official goodwill visit to Vietnam. The leaders of the two countries had an in-depth exchange of views on strengthening the party and state relations between China and Vietnam in the new century; and agreed to maintain high-level contacts, expand in depth economic and trade cooperation, educate the people of the two countries with the spirit of long-standing Sino-Vietnamese friendship, speed up the demarcation of the Sino-Vietnamese land border and follow-up talks concerning the agreement on fishing cooperation in the Beibu Gulf, deepen the exchange of the party and state-governing experiences and theories guiding socialist construction, expand and deepen the exchanges between the two foreign ministries, defence ministries, public security ministries and youth departments. General Secretary Jiang Zemin delivered an address entitled Work Together for a Better Tomorrow of the Sino-Vietnamese Relations in Hanoi National University.
Between April 7 and 11, 2003, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Vietnamese Communist Party Nong Dac Manh paid a working visit to China. The party and state leaders of the two countries agreed to further strengthen and develop traditional friendship and overall cooperation between China and Vietnam, enrich and augment the meaning of the following guiding policy "long-standing stability, facing the future, Neighborliness and Friendship, all-round cooperation "so as to upgrade Sino-Vietnamese relations to a new level and ensure that the two countries and their people will always be good neighbors, good friends, good comrades and good partners. From 13 to 15 June, Chinese Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing visited Vietnam, exchanged in-depth views and reached broad consensus on strengthening the bilateral relations, expanding mutually beneficial cooperation and international and regional issues of common concern with the Vietnamese leaders.
II. Economic and Trade Relations
Since the normalization of Sino-Vietnamese relations, the two countries have signed the agreements on trade, investment protection, banking settlement, avoidance of double taxation and border trade and sep up a committee on economic and trade cooperation in order to promote rapid development of the bilateral economic and trade relations.
Bilateral trade volume has increased considerably. China is now Vietnam's 2nd largest trading partner. In 2002, Sino-Vietnamese trade volume reached US$ 3.264 billion, up 15.8% from 2001, of which China's major exports were motor-cycles, machinery equipment, refined petrol and light industrial products and its imports from Vietnam were crude oil, minerals and farming products. Over the recent years, the border trade volume between the two countries have amounted to some US$ 0.4 billion on the average annually.
By the end of 2002, China had invested more than 230 projects in Vietnam, with its contractual value exceeding US$ 0.37 billion. Its investment mainly covered machinery and electrical product-assembling, food-processing and real estate, in 2002, China sped up its direct investment in Vietnam remarkably, approved 60 new projects, with the contractual value reaching US$ 70.83 million, up 39.5% and 17% respectively from 2001. The number of China's projects in Vietnam and contractual value ranked the 3rd and 7th place respectively compared with these countries and regions investing in Vietnam in the same year. Since 1991, China and Vietnam have signed 2700 contracts, including contracted projects, labor cooperation and design consultancy, with the contractual total exceeding US$ 1.4 billion.
III. Exchanges and Cooperation in Other Area
Since the normalization of Sino-Vietnamese relations, exchanges and cooperation in the cultural, scientific, technological, educational and military areas have developed in depth. There have also been increasing contacts between the military, parties, governments and people's organizations, provinces and cities and the areas for cooperation kept expanding. Both sides organized seminars on socialist theories and exchange activities between youth and children of the two countries. Nearly 40 documents on cooperation in the diplomatic, public security, trade, economic, scientific, technological, cultural and legislative areas have been signed between the departments concerned of the two countries. Air and sea transport as well as railway have been opened between the two countries, so have the 7 pairs of national-level ports in the frontier provinces and regions of the two countries.
IV. Border Problems
Territorial dispute over the Sino-Vietnamese borders consists of the demarcation of land boundary, and the Beibu Gulf as well as sovereignty over maritime rights and interests in the Nansha Islands and their adjacent waters. Both sides have agreed to resolve these problems through peaceful talks and consultations.
Thanks to the efforts from both sides, the two countries officially signed the treaty on the land Boundary between China and Vietnam on December 30, 1999 in Hanoi. On July 6, 2000, both sides exchanged the treaty's instruments of ractification in Beijing, and the Treaty on the Land Boundary officially came into force. Boundary-surveying and marks-erecting are carrying out along the Sino-Vietnamese land border.
On December 25, 2000, the two countries officially signed in Beijing the Agreement on the Demarcation of the Beibu Gulf Territorial Waters, Exclusive Economic Zones and Continental Shelf, and Agreement on Fishing Cooperation in the Beibu Gulf. The follow-up talks over the agreement on fishing cooperation in the Beibu Gulf are in full swing.
Since 1995, Sino-Vietnamese expert group on maritime problems was founded, 7 rounds of talks on the dispute over the Nansha Islands have been held. Both sides agree to find a proper solution to the dispute through friendly consultations, and at the same time explore the possibility for cooperation.
Appendixes: Exchanges of High-Level Visits between the Two Countries
1. The Chinese Leaders Who Have Visited Vietnam
Member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party cum Premier Li Peng (Nov. 30 to Dec. 4, 1992) General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party cum President Jiang Zemin (Nov. 19 to 22, 1994)
Member of the Standing Committee of PB of CCCCP cum Premier Li Peng (attending the 8th Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party between June 27 and 28, 1996) Member of the Standing Committee of PB of CCCCP cum Chairman of the Standing Committee of the NPC Qiao Shi (Nov. 17 to 21, 1996)
Member of the SC of PB of CCCCP cum Chairman of CCPCC Li Ruihuan (Dec. 7 to 10, 1997)
Member of the SC of PB of CCCCP cum Secretary of the Secretariat Wei Jianxin (Sept. 17 to 22, 1998)
Member of the SC of PB of CCCCP cum Vice-President Hu Jintao (Dec. 17 to 19, 1998)
Member of the SC of PB of CCCCP cum Premier Zhu Rongji (Dec. 1 to 4, 1999)
Member of the SC of PB of CCCCP cum Vice-President Hu Jintao (attending the 9th Congress of the Vietnamese Communist Party, April 19 to 22, 2001)
Member of the SC of PB of CCCCP cum Chairman of the SC of the NPC Li Peng (Sept. 7-10, 2001)
General Secretary of CCCCP cum President Jiang Zemin (Feb. 27 to Mar. 1, 2002)
2. The Vietnamese Leaders Who Have Visited China
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Vietnamese Communist Party Do Muoi (Nov. 5 to 10, 1991)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers Vo Van Kiet (Nov. 5 to 10, 1991)
President of Vietnam Le Duc Anh (Nov. 9 to 15, 1993)
Chairman of the National Congress Nong Duc Manh (Feb. 21 to Mar. 1, 1995)
General Secretary of the CC of the VCP Do Muoi (Nov. 26 to Dec. 2, 1995)
Premier of the Vietnamese Government Phan Van Khai (Oct. 19 to 23, 1998)
General Secretary of the CC of the VCP Le Kha Phieu (Feb. 25 to Mar. 2, 1999)
Member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the VCP Pham The Duyet (Oct. 8 to 10, 1999)
Chairman of the National Congress Nong Duc Manh (April 4 to 10, 2000)
Premier of the Vietnamese Government Phan Van Khai (Sept. 25 to 28, 2000)
President of Vietnam Tran Duc Luong (Dec. 25 to 29, 2000)
General Secretary of the CC of the VCP Nong Duc Manh (Nov. 30 to Dec. 4, 2001)
Chairman of the National Congress Nguyen Van An (April 12 to 21, 2002)
General Secretary Nong Duc Manh (April 7 to 11, 2003)
(Source: www.fmprc.gov.cn )
http://english.sina.com/1/2005/1028/51407.html
Timeline of Sino-Vietnamese relations
(China Daily)
Updated: 2006-11-17 05:49
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-11/17/content_735566.htm
January 18, 1950: China and Viet Nam established diplomatic ties and the Chinese Government and people rendered full support to the country's long-term revolutionary struggle against France and the United States.
In late 1970s: Relations deteriorated.
November 1991: The two countries agreed to put the past behind them and look to the future as party and state relations were normalized.
February 1999: The general secretaries of the two parties set "long-standing stability, facing the future, neighbourliness and friendship, all-round co-operation" as the framework guiding bilateral ties in the new century.
December 30, 1999: The two countries officially signed the treaty on the land boundary in Hanoi.
July 6, 2000: The two sides exchanged the treaty's instruments of ratification in Beijing, and the Treaty on the Land Boundary officially came into force.
December 25-29, 2000: Vietnamese President Tran Duc Luong visited China and the two countries issue the Joint Statement on all-round co-operation in the new century, drawing up a concrete programme for the development of friendly relations and co-operation.
In Beijing the two countries officially signed the Agreement on the Demarcation of the Beibu Gulf Territorial Waters, Exclusive Economic Zones and Continental Shelf, and Agreement on Fishing Cooperation in the Beibu Gulf.
Feb 17-Mar 1, 2002: President Jiang Zemin paid an official goodwill visit to Viet Nam and had an in-depth exchange of views with his Vietnamese counterpart.
April 7-11, 2003: General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Vietnamese Communist Party Nong Dac Manh paid a working visit to China.
July 18-22, 2005: Vietnamese President Tran Duc Luong paid a state visit to China and the two countries issued a joint statement, agreeing to work together to promote joint exploration in the South China Sea.
October 31-November 2, 2005: President Hu Jintao paid an official goodwill visit to Viet Nam and the two countries signed a joint statement, making the pledge to reach the goal of bilateral trade volume at US$10 billion by 2010. The two countries also agreed to take further steps to settle disputed borders to ensure that the demarcation and planting of markers on the entire common borderline, and signing of a new document to manage the borderline, will be completed by 2008.
August 22-26, 2006: General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Vietnamese Communist Party Nong Dac Manh paid an official goodwill visit to China and the two countries signed a joint communique, vowing to accelerate oil and gas exploration in border waters of the Beibu Gulf.
November 15-17, 2006: President Hu Jintao pays a state visit to Viet Nam.
(China Daily 11/17/2006 page2)
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-11/17/content_735566.htm
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