20240411 CDTL TTT Hak Nix Era D183
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/sources
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/terms
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/persons
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/note
Vietnam, January 1973–July 1975 (Documents 1–301)
Collapse and Evacuation, February
26–July 22, 1975 (Documents 178–283)
Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1969–1976, Volume X, Vietnam, January 1973–July 1975
183.
Memorandum of Conversation1
Washington,
March 6, 1975, 10 a.m.–12:50 p.m.
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d183
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_672
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_673
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d183#fnref:1.7.4.4.16.24.8.2
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d183#fnref:1.7.4.4.16.24.58.2
Thân thế (các) nhân vật
Abzug, Bella S.,
Democratic Representative from New York
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bella_Abzug
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives
https://www.congress.gov/member/bella-abzug/A000018
https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=a000018
https://history.house.gov/People/Detail/8276
Jewish Women's Archive
https://jwa.org/womenofvalor/abzug
Case, Clifford P.,
Republican Senator from New Jersey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford_P._Case
https://www.senate.gov/senators/featured-biographies.htm
https://www.senate.gov/senators/FeaturedBios/Featured_Bio_CaseClifford.htm
https://www.congress.gov/member/clifford-case/C000220
https://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/your_columbians/clifford_case.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_General_Assembly
https://www.senate.gov/senators/FeaturedBios/Featured_Bio_CaseClifford.htm
https://www.senate.gov/senators/featured-biographies.htm
member, National Security Council staff from
June 1973; Executive Assistant to the Secretary of State from October 1973;
Acting Deputy Under Secretary for Management from February 1975 until May 1975;
Under Secretary of State for Management from May 1975
https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/eagleburger-lawrence-sidney
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Eagleburger
https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/former/40402.htm
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v38p2/d118
Fenwick, Millicent H.,
Republican Representative from New Jersey from January 3, 1975
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millicent_Fenwick
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_General_Assembly
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/members/millicent_fenwick/404036
https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/f000078
Ford, Gerald R.,
Republican Representative from Michigan until October 13, 1973; House
Minority Leader until October 13, 1973; Vice President of the United States
from October 13, 1973, until August 8, 1974; President of the United States
from August 8, 1974
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Minority_Leader
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_Republican_Conference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair_of_the_House_Republican_Conference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives
https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/gerald-r-ford/
https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/
https://geraldrfordfoundation.org/gerald-r-ford-biography/
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/grf/timeline.asp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/guides/findingaid/ford_vp_papers.asp
Friedersdorf, Max,
White House Special Assistant for Congressional Relations until 1973;
Deputy Assistant to the President for the House of Representatives from 1973
until 1974, Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs from 1975
https://www.fec.gov/about/leadership-and-structure/max-l-friedersdorf/
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/guides/findingaid/friedersdorfmfiles.asp
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/guides/findingaid/friedersdorfmpapers.asp
https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-oral-histories/max-friedersdorf-oral-history
https://s3.amazonaws.com/web.poh.transcripts/Friedersdorf_Max.Rearchived.pdf
https://s3.amazonaws.com/web.poh.briefingbooks/ohp_2002_1024_friedersdorf.pdf
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/persons
https://www.franklinschools.org/site/Default.aspx?PageID=1831
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve14p2/persons
Habib, Philip C.,
member, U.S. Delegation to the Paris Peace Talks from May 1968 until
October 1971; Ambassador to Korea from September 30, 1971, until August 19,
1974; Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from
September 27, 1974
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_C._Habib
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Political_Affairs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Korea
https://diplomacy.state.gov/u-s-diplomact-philip-c-habib-presidential-medal-of-freedom-winner/
https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nsudigital_forums/13/
https://www.arabamerica.com/arabamericans/philip-habib-3/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philip-Charles-Habib
Hatfield, Mark O.,
Republican Senator from Oregon
https://www.senate.gov/senators/FeaturedBios/Featured_Bio_HatfieldMark.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Hatfield
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Appropriations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Oregon
https://president.uoregon.edu/honorary-degrees/mark-o-hatfield
https://www.pdx.edu/hatfield-school/about-senator-mark-hatfield
https://www.ohs.org/museum/exhibits/mark-hatfield.cfm
https://www.congress.gov/member/mark-hatfield/H000343
https://www.k-state.edu/landon/speakers/mark-hatfield/
https://www.ohs.org/events/mark-hatfield-oregon-statesman.cfm
Humphrey, Hubert H.,
Democratic Senator from Minnesota
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Minneapolis
https://www.senate.gov/senators/FeaturedBios/Featured_Bio_HumphreyHubert.htm
https://www.history.com/topics/1960s/hubert-h-humphrey
https://www.mnopedia.org/person/humphrey-hubert-h-1911-1978
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hubert-Humphrey
https://www.thoughtco.com/hubert-humphrey-biography-4174360
https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/people/humphrey-hubert-h
https://mn.gov/law-library-stat/archive/urlarchive/a111831-3.PDF
https://libguides.mnhs.org/hhh/overview
Lon Nol,
President
of the Khmer Republic until 1975
Long Boret,
Prime Minister of the Khmer Republic
4/11/75 - Phnom Penh Evacuation
Mahon, George H.,
Democratic Representative from Texas; Chairman of the House
Appropriations Committee
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._Mahon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Appropriations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives
https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/mahon-george-herman
https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=M000065
https://www.hsutx.edu/about-hsu/george-herman-mahon/
https://www.congress.gov/member/george-mahon/M000065?s=1&r=31
Counselor to the President from August 1974
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Otho_Marsh_Jr.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counselor_to_the_President
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Legislative_Affairs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives
https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/nomination-john-o-marsh-jr-be-secretary-the-army
https://geraldrfordfoundation.org/john-o-jack-marsh-jr-1926-2019/
https://history.army.mil/books/Sw-SA/Marsh.htm
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/guides/findingaid/marshjfiles.asp
3/29/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese Refugees
4/3/75 - Phnom Penh Evacuation
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese Refugees (1)
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese Refugees (2)
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese Refugees (3)
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese Refugees (4)
4/11/75 - Phnom Penh Evacuation
4/29/75 - Final Evacuation of Saigon (1)
4/29/75 - Final Evacuation of Saigon
(2)
Passman, Otto E.,
Democratic Representative from Louisiana; Chairman of the House
Appropriations subcommittee
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Passman
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives
https://www.congress.gov/member/otto-passman/P000098?s=1&r=77
https://www.outlived.org/person/otto-passman-115660
Scowcroft, Brent,
General, USAF, Military Assistant to the President until 1973; Deputy
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from August 1973 until
1975
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormons
https://bush.tamu.edu/scowcroft/about/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent_Scowcroft
https://www.aspeninstitute.org/people/brent-scowcroft/
Sihanouk,
Norodom,
King of
Cambodia to March 1955, thereafter Prince of Cambodia; Prime Minister and
Foreign Minister, October 1955–January 1956; Prime Minister, Foreign Minister,
and Minister of the Interior, March–April 1956; Prime Minister,
September–October 1956; Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, Minister of Plans,
and Minister of the Interior, April–July 1957
Cambodian Head of State until March 1970; thereafter, leader of
Cambodian Government in exile in Beijing
4/11/75 - Phnom Penh Evacuation
Henry A. Kissinger
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until
November 3, 1975; also Secretary of State from September 21, 1973
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger
https://www.theguardian.com/world/bilderberg
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/summary
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip
https://china.usc.edu/catalog/documents/us-china
http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2001/nr01-47.html
https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-july-22-august-3-2011
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#meetings
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#nixon-announcement
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#chinese-accept
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#signals
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#the_aim
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d12
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d13
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d141
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
Nguyen Van Thieu,
President of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) until April 21,
1975
PHỎNG VẤN VỚI
LỊCH SỬ - TỔNG THỐNG NGUYỄN VĂN THIỆU - Năm 1972
https://www.facebook.com/groups/373876840199844/permalink/1216306329290220/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/373876840199844/
Tổng
thống Thiệu trả lời phỏng vấn năm 1972 (Ms.O Fallaci) - Ep.1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67J_48hfPik
Tổng
thống Thiệu trả lời phỏng vấn năm 1972 (Ms.O Fallaci) - Ep.2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INAfcRW3Prc
Tổng
thống Thiệu trả lời phỏng vấn năm 1972 (Ms.O Fallaci) - Ep.3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_tOrafUIOY
Phỏng
vấn cố Tổng thống VNCH Nguyễn Văn Thiệu full
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_36BXxpEjw
Tổng
thống Nguyễn Văn Thiệu đáp trả xuất sắc những gì Kissinger đề cập về Vietnam
War | NAMDUONGTV
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrA2OaHueFM&t=1802s
3/29/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese
Refugees
4/3/75 - Phnom Penh Evacuation
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese
Refugees (1)
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese
Refugees (2)
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese
Refugees (3)
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese
Refugees (4)
4/29/75 - Final Evacuation of Saigon
(1)
4/29/75 - Final Evacuation of Saigon
(2)
Dau Bach Ho1X Feb 11
1975 Thieu
Tôi Không Chết Đâu | Hồi
Ức Miền Nam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJdQN0DYBvA
Thư Tổng Thống Thiệu Gửi
Tổng Thống Gerald Ford
Saigon, January 25,
1975, 0830Z.
https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2024/03/20240322-cdtl-thu-thieu-gui-gerald-ford.html
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d166
Cambodia
Arms and Ammunition to the Vietnamese Communists
Discover the
Truth at:
https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-cias-vietnam-document-cd-rom/
https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/cia/EOM-2019-00201-highlighted.pdf
Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford
Administrations (1969–1976)
President of the United States
until August 9, 1974
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/nixon-ford
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Nixon/Foreign-affairs
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://millercenter.org/president/nixon/richard-nixon-administration
https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/17536?availability=Family%20History%20Library
Nixon, Richard M.,
Vice President of the United States
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Persons
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/persons
https://history.army.mil/html/books/091/91-6/CMH_Pub_91-6.pdf
List of presidents of the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States
Eisenhower Administration
https://millercenter.org/president/eisenhower/dwight-d-eisenhower-administration
Lesson in Vietnam from
Kissinger to Nixon:… “when we made it “our war” we would not let
the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not
help them fight it.”
(We
also had trouble with excesses here: when we
made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again
became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we
prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared
themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force
invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280
Lesson of Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf
https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html
List of Participants in the Geneva
Conference on Indochina
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v16/ch5subch4
The Geneva Conference on Indochina May
8–July 21, 1954
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v16/comp2
Geneva Agreements 20-21 July 1954
https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/KH-LA-VN_540720_GenevaAgreements.pdf
March 10 1956 Election in South Vietnam
Election processes in South Vietnam
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79T00826A000400010040-7.pdf
Vietnam’s Un-held 1956 Reunification Elections
https://ecommons.cornell.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/020691c4-6762-44f0-903b-390c67a04188/content
PRETENSE TO DEMOCRACY: THE U.S. ROLE IN THE SUBVERSION OF THE
VIETNAMESE ELECTION OF 1956
https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2761&context=theses
Van Ban Hiep Dinh Paris 27011973
http://suthat-toiac.blogspot.com/2008/07/hip-nh-paris-2711973-vn-bn.html
Agreement on ending the war and restoring peace in Viet-Nam.
Signed at Paris on 27 January 1973
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20935/volume-935-I-13295-English.pdf
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20935/v935.pdf
***
NLF=National Liberation
Front=Mặt Trận Dân Tộc Giải Phóng,
PRG=Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam = Chính phủ Cách mạng Lâm thời Việt Nam,
DRVN= Democratic
Republic of North Vietnam=Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa=cộng sản Bắc Việt.
DRV (also DRVN), Democratic
Republic of (North) Vietnam
NLF, National
Liberation Front, Communist front organization in South Vietnam acting as
political government of the insurgency; later renamed Provisional Revolutionary
Government of Vietnam
NVA, North
Vietnamese Army, term used by the United States for the People’s Army of
(North) Vietnam
PAVN, People’s
Army of (North) Vietnam
PLAF, People’s
Liberation Armed Forces, Communist forces in South Vietnam, synonymous with
Viet Cong
PRG, Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam, political wing of the South Vietnamese
Communist movement, replaced the National Liberation Front (NLF), but the terms
are often used interchangeably
Paris Peace Talks, a
loosely defined term that, depending on context, could mean the secret meetings
between Henry Kissinger for the United States and Le Duc Tho for the Democratic
Republic of (North) Vietnam or the 174 meetings of the public talks held from
1968 to 1973 between the United States and the Republic of (South) Vietnam on
one side and the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam and the Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam on the other; the latter were also known as
Plenary or Avénue Kléber talks
Rue
Darthé, 11 Rue Darthé, the address of one of the residences
of the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam in the Paris suburb of
Choisy-le-Roi used as a venue for the Kissinger-Le Duc Tho negotiations.
Avenue
Kléber (also Ave. Kléber or Kléber), address
of the International Conference Center at the Hotel Majestic in Paris, the site
of the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks; see also Paris
Peace Talks
SALT, Strategic
Arms Limitation Talks
Seven Points, peace
plan presented by Kissinger on May 31, 1971, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho;
peace plan presented by the NLF Delegation in July 1971 at the (plenary) Paris
Peace Talks
Nine
Points, peace plan presented by Xuan
Thuy on June 26, 1971
Ten Points, peace
plan presented by NLF delegate Madame Binh on May 8, 1969, at the (plenary)
Paris Peace Talks; peace plan presented by Le Duc Tho on August 1, 1972, at his
meeting with Kissinger; peace plan presented by Kissinger on August 14, 1972,
at his meeting with Le Duc Tho
Two-Point Elaboration, elaboration
of the Ten Point peace plan presented by the DRV Delegation on February 2,
1972, at the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks
Twelve Points, peace
plan presented by Kissinger on August 1, 1972, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho
strategic hamlets, a
South Vietnamese Government program to counter Viet Cong control in the
countryside. The government relocated farmers into fortified hamlets to provide
defense, economic aid, and political assistance to residents. The hope was that
protection from Viet Cong raids and taxation would bind the rural populace to
the government and gain their loyalty. The program started in 1962, but was
fatally undermined by over expansion and poor execution. By 1964 it had clearly
failed.
GVN, Government of (South) Vietnam
RVN, Republic
of (South) Vietnam
RVNAF, Republic
of (South) Vietnam Armed Forces
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/terms
***
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