20240420 CDTL LetPres Ford to Thieu Hak Nix Era D192
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/sources
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/terms
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/persons
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/note
Vietnam, January 1973–July 1975 (Documents 1–301)
Collapse and Evacuation, February 26–July 22, 1975 (Documents 178–283)
Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1969–1976, Volume X, Vietnam, January 1973–July 1975
192. Letter From President Ford to
President Thieu1
Washington, March
25, 1975.
Dear Mr. President:
I am very much aware of the difficult times you are now experiencing. I
have asked Ambassador Martin to convey to you my admiration for your
determination, your resolution and courage. I am convinced that in the end the
South Vietnamese people, under your [Page 696] leadership, will be successful in
their fight to preserve their independence and free institutions.
I very much regret that events over the last twelve months—events which
neither of us could completely control—resulted in a diminution of the American
material support which your government had fully expected to receive. While I
deeply regret the consequent military redeployments you felt compelled to take,
I fully understand the reasons for these actions to reduce extended lines of
communication and resupply and permit a more effective concentration of your
military forces to defend the vital areas.
The essential problem now is to determine with precision the actions we
both may take to present the best prospects for the future. Although you may
have received a rather gloomy assessment of American public and Congressional
attitudes on the prospects for adequate amounts of economic and military aid, I
think the situation has now changed considerably. Your military redeployments
portrayed the actual realities of the current situation in Vietnam far more
graphically than words. Consequently, there is a growing awareness in this
country of your urgent need for additional aid in adequate amounts.
You may rest assured that we will make every effort to secure from the
Congress adequate amounts of aid for South Vietnam. We fully realize that this
must be done promptly.
To insure that I am fully and completely informed and that our military
aid requests are specifically designed to meet your actual current needs, I am
asking your old friend, General Fred Weyand, to accompany Ambassador Martin on
his return to Saigon. I am certain that you will review the current situation
with him with complete candor and inform him fully on those items you and your
military advisors believe to be the most crucial at this time.
I am also aware that some members of your staff have speculated from time
to time that American interests elsewhere have lessened the interest of the
United States in Vietnam. Ambassador Martin informs me that you understand this
could not possibly be true since the way we discharge our commitment to the
Republic of Vietnam inevitably affects the credibility of American interests
everywhere. Therefore, our firm intention remains to help insure the Republic
of Vietnam’s economic viability and its capability to defend its own freedom
and institutions.
Achievement of these aims will require maximum efforts on both sides. It
also requires that we remain in close and intimate communication. I have
instructed Ambassador Martin to forward directly for my attention any
communications which you think necessary.
Our peoples have both surmounted even more difficult times in the past.
You and your people may be assured of my continued firm [Page 697] support and of my resolve to do
everything I can to help the Republic of Vietnam. Once again, I am confident
that our joint endeavors will be successful.
With my warmest personal good wishes.
Sincerely,
Gerald R. Ford
1. Source: Ford
Library, National Security Adviser, Correspondence with Foreign Leaders, Box 5,
Vietnam, President Nguyen Van Thieu. No classification marking. A handwritten
notation at the top of the page reads: “To be delivered by Amb Martin.”↩
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d192
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_696
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_697
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d192#fnref:1.7.4.4.16.48.8.5
Thân thế (các) nhân vật
Ford, Gerald R.,
Republican Representative from Michigan until October 13, 1973; House
Minority Leader until October 13, 1973; Vice President of the United States
from October 13, 1973, until August 8, 1974; President of the United States
from August 8, 1974
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Minority_Leader
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_Republican_Conference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair_of_the_House_Republican_Conference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives
https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/gerald-r-ford/
https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/
https://geraldrfordfoundation.org/gerald-r-ford-biography/
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/grf/timeline.asp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/guides/findingaid/ford_vp_papers.asp
Martin, Graham A.,
Ambassador to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) from July 20,
1973, until April 29, 1975
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Martin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_South_Vietnam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Italy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Thailand
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_South_Vietnam
Nguyen Van Thieu,
President of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) until April 21,
1975
PHỎNG VẤN VỚI
LỊCH SỬ - TỔNG THỐNG NGUYỄN VĂN THIỆU - Năm 1972
https://www.facebook.com/groups/373876840199844/permalink/1216306329290220/
https://www.facebook.com/groups/373876840199844/
Tổng
thống Thiệu trả lời phỏng vấn năm 1972 (Ms.O Fallaci) - Ep.1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67J_48hfPik
Tổng
thống Thiệu trả lời phỏng vấn năm 1972 (Ms.O Fallaci) - Ep.2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INAfcRW3Prc
Tổng
thống Thiệu trả lời phỏng vấn năm 1972 (Ms.O Fallaci) - Ep.3
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_tOrafUIOY
Phỏng
vấn cố Tổng thống VNCH Nguyễn Văn Thiệu full
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_36BXxpEjw
Tổng
thống Nguyễn Văn Thiệu đáp trả xuất sắc những gì Kissinger đề cập về Vietnam
War | NAMDUONGTV
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrA2OaHueFM&t=1802s
3/29/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese Refugees
4/3/75 - Phnom Penh Evacuation
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese Refugees (1)
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese Refugees (2)
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese Refugees (3)
4/5/75 - Evacuation of Vietnamese Refugees (4)
4/29/75 - Final Evacuation of Saigon (1)
4/29/75 - Final Evacuation of Saigon (2)
Dau Bach Ho1X Feb 11
1975 Thieu
Tôi Không Chết Đâu | Hồi
Ức Miền Nam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJdQN0DYBvA
Thư Tổng Thống Thiệu Gửi
Tổng Thống Gerald Ford
Saigon, January 25,
1975, 0830Z.
https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2024/03/20240322-cdtl-thu-thieu-gui-gerald-ford.html
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d166
Cambodia
Arms and Ammunition to the Vietnamese Communists
Discover the
Truth at:
https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-cias-vietnam-document-cd-rom/
https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/cia/EOM-2019-00201-highlighted.pdf
Weyand, Frederick C.,
General, USA, Commander, Military
Assistance Command, Vietnam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_C._Weyand
https://history.army.mil/books/CG&CSA/Weyand-FC.htm
https://armyhistory.org/general-frederick-carlton-weyand/
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Frederick_C._Weyand
Henry A. Kissinger
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until
November 3, 1975; also Secretary of State from September 21, 1973
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger
https://www.theguardian.com/world/bilderberg
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/summary
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip
https://china.usc.edu/catalog/documents/us-china
http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2001/nr01-47.html
https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-july-22-august-3-2011
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#meetings
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#nixon-announcement
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#chinese-accept
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#signals
https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#the_aim
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d4
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d12
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d13
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d141
https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf
Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford
Administrations (1969–1976)
President of the United States
until August 9, 1974
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/nixon-ford
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-Nixon/Foreign-affairs
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://millercenter.org/president/nixon/richard-nixon-administration
https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/17536?availability=Family%20History%20Library
Nixon, Richard M.,
Vice President of the United States
https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon
https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html
https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668
https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm
https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm
Humphrey, Hubert H.,
Democratic Senator from Minnesota
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Minneapolis
https://www.senate.gov/senators/FeaturedBios/Featured_Bio_HumphreyHubert.htm
https://www.history.com/topics/1960s/hubert-h-humphrey
https://www.mnopedia.org/person/humphrey-hubert-h-1911-1978
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hubert-Humphrey
https://www.thoughtco.com/hubert-humphrey-biography-4174360
https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/people/humphrey-hubert-h
https://mn.gov/law-library-stat/archive/urlarchive/a111831-3.PDF
https://libguides.mnhs.org/hhh/overview
Persons
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/persons
https://history.army.mil/html/books/091/91-6/CMH_Pub_91-6.pdf
List of presidents of the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States
Eisenhower Administration
https://millercenter.org/president/eisenhower/dwight-d-eisenhower-administration
Lesson in Vietnam from
Kissinger to Nixon:… “when we made it “our war” we would not let
the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not
help them fight it.”
(We
also had trouble with excesses here: when we
made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again
became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we
prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared
themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force
invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280
Lesson of Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger
https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf
https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html
List of Participants in the Geneva
Conference on Indochina
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v16/ch5subch4
The Geneva Conference on Indochina May
8–July 21, 1954
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1952-54v16/comp2
Geneva Agreements 20-21 July 1954
https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/KH-LA-VN_540720_GenevaAgreements.pdf
March 10 1956 Election in South Vietnam
Election processes in South Vietnam
https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79T00826A000400010040-7.pdf
Vietnam’s Un-held 1956 Reunification Elections
https://ecommons.cornell.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/020691c4-6762-44f0-903b-390c67a04188/content
PRETENSE TO DEMOCRACY: THE U.S. ROLE IN THE SUBVERSION OF THE
VIETNAMESE ELECTION OF 1956
https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2761&context=theses
Van Ban Hiep Dinh Paris 27011973
http://suthat-toiac.blogspot.com/2008/07/hip-nh-paris-2711973-vn-bn.html
Agreement on ending the war and restoring peace in Viet-Nam.
Signed at Paris on 27 January 1973
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20935/volume-935-I-13295-English.pdf
https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%20935/v935.pdf
***
NLF=National Liberation
Front=Mặt Trận Dân Tộc Giải Phóng,
PRG=Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam = Chính phủ Cách mạng Lâm thời Việt Nam,
DRVN= Democratic
Republic of North Vietnam=Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa=cộng sản Bắc Việt.
DRV (also DRVN), Democratic
Republic of (North) Vietnam
NLF, National
Liberation Front, Communist front organization in South Vietnam acting as
political government of the insurgency; later renamed Provisional Revolutionary
Government of Vietnam
NVA, North
Vietnamese Army, term used by the United States for the People’s Army of
(North) Vietnam
PAVN, People’s
Army of (North) Vietnam
PLAF, People’s
Liberation Armed Forces, Communist forces in South Vietnam, synonymous with
Viet Cong
PRG, Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam, political wing of the South Vietnamese
Communist movement, replaced the National Liberation Front (NLF), but the terms
are often used interchangeably
Paris Peace Talks, a
loosely defined term that, depending on context, could mean the secret meetings
between Henry Kissinger for the United States and Le Duc Tho for the Democratic
Republic of (North) Vietnam or the 174 meetings of the public talks held from
1968 to 1973 between the United States and the Republic of (South) Vietnam on
one side and the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam and the Provisional
Revolutionary Government of Vietnam on the other; the latter were also known as
Plenary or Avénue Kléber talks
Rue
Darthé, 11 Rue Darthé, the address of one of the residences
of the Democratic Republic of (North) Vietnam in the Paris suburb of
Choisy-le-Roi used as a venue for the Kissinger-Le Duc Tho negotiations.
Avenue
Kléber (also Ave. Kléber or Kléber), address
of the International Conference Center at the Hotel Majestic in Paris, the site
of the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks; see also Paris
Peace Talks
SALT, Strategic
Arms Limitation Talks
Seven Points, peace
plan presented by Kissinger on May 31, 1971, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho;
peace plan presented by the NLF Delegation in July 1971 at the (plenary) Paris
Peace Talks
Nine
Points, peace plan presented by Xuan
Thuy on June 26, 1971
Ten Points, peace
plan presented by NLF delegate Madame Binh on May 8, 1969, at the (plenary)
Paris Peace Talks; peace plan presented by Le Duc Tho on August 1, 1972, at his
meeting with Kissinger; peace plan presented by Kissinger on August 14, 1972,
at his meeting with Le Duc Tho
Two-Point Elaboration, elaboration
of the Ten Point peace plan presented by the DRV Delegation on February 2,
1972, at the (plenary) Paris Peace Talks
Twelve Points, peace
plan presented by Kissinger on August 1, 1972, at his meeting with Le Duc Tho
strategic hamlets, a
South Vietnamese Government program to counter Viet Cong control in the
countryside. The government relocated farmers into fortified hamlets to provide
defense, economic aid, and political assistance to residents. The hope was that
protection from Viet Cong raids and taxation would bind the rural populace to
the government and gain their loyalty. The program started in 1962, but was
fatally undermined by over expansion and poor execution. By 1964 it had clearly
failed.
GVN, Government of (South) Vietnam
RVN, Republic
of (South) Vietnam
RVNAF, Republic
of (South) Vietnam Armed Forces
https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v42/terms
***
/https:/tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg){kind=link}
No comments:
Post a Comment