20200907 1973 PARIS PEACE ACCORDS
Agreement on Ending
the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam
AGREEMENT ON ENDING
THE WAR AND RESTORING PEACE IN VIET-NAM
The Parties
participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam,
With a view to ending
the war and restoring peace in Viet-Nam on the basis of respect for the
Vietnamese people's fundamental national rights and the South Vietnamese
people's right to self-determination, and to contributing to the consolidation
of peace in Asia and the world,
Have agreed on the
following provisions and undertake to respect and to implement them:
Chapter I
THE VIETNAMESE PEOPLE'S FUNDAMENTAL NATIONAL RIGHTS
Article 1
The United States and
all other countries respect the independence, sovereignty, unity, and
territorial integrity of Viet-Nam as recognized by the 1954 Geneva Agreements
on Viet-Nam.
Chapter II
CESSATION OF HOSTILITIES - WITHDRAWAL OF TROOPS,
Article 2
A cease-fire shall be
observed throughout South Viet-Nam as of 2400 hours G.M.T. [Greenwich Mean
Time], on January 27, 1973.
At the same hour, the
United States will stop all its military activities against the territory of
the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam by ground, air and naval forces, wherever
they may be based, and end the mining of the territorial waters, ports,
harbors, and waterways of the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam. The United
States will remove, permanently deactivate or destroy all the mines in the
territorial waters, ports, harbors, and waterways of North Viet-Nam as soon as
this Agreement goes into effect.
The complete cessation
of hostilities mentioned in this Article shall be durable and without limit of
time.
Article 3
The parties undertake
to maintain the cease-fire and to ensure a lasting and stable peace.
As soon as the
cease-fire goes into effect: (a) The United States forces and those of the
other foreign countries allied with the United States and the Republic of
Viet-Nam shall remain in-place pending the implementation of the plan of troop
withdrawal. The Four-Party Joint Military Commission described in Article 16
shall determine the modalities.
(b) The armed forces
of the two South Vietnamese parties shall remain in-place. The Two-Party Joint
Military Commission described in Article 17 shall determine the areas
controlled by each party and the modalities of stationing.
(c) The regular forces
of all services and arms and the irregular forces of the parties in South
Viet-Nam shall stop all offensive activities against each other and shall
strictly abide by the following stipulations:
- All acts of force on
the ground, in the air, and on the sea shall be prohibited;
- All hostile acts,
terrorism and reprisals by both sides will be banned.
Article 4
The United States will
not continue its military involvement or intervene in the internal affairs of
South Viet-Nam.
Article 5
Within sixty days of
the signing of this Agreement, there will be a total withdrawal from South
Viet-Nam of troops, military advisers, and military personnel, including
technical military personnel and military personnel associated with the
pacification program, armaments, munitions, and war material of the United States
and those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a). Advisers
from the above-mentioned countries to all paramilitary organizations and the
police force will also be withdrawn within the same period of time.
Article 6
The dismantlement of
all military bases in South Viet-Nam of the United States and of the other
foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a) shall be completed within sixty
days of the signing of this agreement.
Article 7
From the enforcement
of the cease-fire to the formation of the government provided for in Article 9
(b) and 14 of this Agreement, the two South Vietnamese parties shall not accept
the introduction of troops, military advisers, and military personnel including
technical military personnel, armaments, munitions, and war material into South
Viet-Nam.
The two South
Vietnamese parties shall be permitted to make periodic replacement of
armaments, munitions and war material which have been destroyed, damaged, worn
out or used up after the cease-fire, on the basis of piece-for-piece, of the
same characteristics and properties, under the supervision of the
Joint Military Commission of the two South Vietnamese parties and of the
International Commission of Control and Supervision.
THE RETURN OF CAPTURED
MILITARY PERSONNEL AND FOREIGN CIVILIANS AND CAPTURED AND DETAINED VIETNAMESE
CIVILIAN PERSONNEL
Article 8
(a) The return of
captured military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties shall be
carried out simultaneously with and completed not later than the same day as
the troop withdrawal mentioned in Article 5. The parties shall exchange
complete lists of the above-mentioned captured military personnel and foreign
civilians on the day of the signing of this Agreement.
(b) The parties shall
help each other to get information about those military personnel and foreign
civilians of the parties missing in action, to determine the location and take
care of the graves of the dead so as to facilitate the exhumation and
repatriation of the remains, and to take any such other measures
as may be required to get information about those still considered missing in
action.
(c) The question of
the return of Vietnamese civilian personnel captured and detained in South
Viet-Nam will be resolved by the two South Vietnamese parties on the basis of
the principles of Article 21 (b) of the Agreement on the Cessation of
Hostilities in Viet-Nam of July 20, 1954. The two South Vietnamese parties will
do so in a spirit of national reconciliation and concord, with a view to ending
hatred and enmity, in order to ease suffering and to reunite families. The two
South Vietnamese parties will do their utmost to resolve this question within
ninety days after the cease-fire comes into effect.
Chapter IV
THE EXERCISE OF THE SOUTH VIETNAMESE PEOPLE'S RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION
Article 9
The Government of the
United States of America and the Government of the Democratic Republic of
Viet-Nam undertake to respect the following principles for the exercise of the
South Vietnamese people's right to self-determination:
(a) The South
Vietnamese people's right to self-determination is sacred, inalienable, and
shall be respected by all countries.
(b) The South
Vietnamese people shall decide themselves the political future of South
Viet-Nam through genuinely free and democratic general elections under
international supervision.
(c) Foreign countries
shall not impose any political tendency or personality on the South Vietnamese
people.
Article 10
The two South
Vietnamese parties undertake to respect the cease-fire and maintain peace in
South Viet-Nam, settle all matters of contention through negotiations, and
avoid all armed conflict.
Article 11
Immediately after the
cease-fire, the two South Vietnamese parties will:
- achieve national
reconciliation and concord, end hatred and enmity, prohibit all acts of
reprisal and discrimination against individuals or organizations that have
collaborated with one side or the other;
- ensure the
democratic liberties of the people: personal freedom, freedom of speech,
freedom of the press, freedom of meeting, freedom of organization, freedom of
political activities, freedom of belief, freedom of movement, freedom of
residence, freedom of work, right to property ownership, and
right to free enterprise.
Article l2
(a) Immediately after
the cease-fire, the two South Vietnamese parties shall hold consultations in a
spirit of national reconciliation and concord, mutual respect, and mutual
non-elimination to set up a National Council of National Reconciliation and Concord
of three equal segments. The Council shall operate on the principle of
unanimity, After the National Council of National Reconciliation and Concord
has assumed its functions, the two South Vietnamese parties will consult about
the formation of councils at lower levels. The two South Vietnamese parties
shall sign an agreement on the internal matters of South Viet-Nam as soon as
possible and do their utmost to accomplish this within ninety days after the
cease-fire comes into effect, in keeping with the South Vietnamese
people's aspirations for peace, independence and democracy.
(b) The National
Council of National Reconciliation and Concord shall have the task of promoting
the two South Vietnamese parties' implementation of this Agreement, achievement
of national reconciliation and concord and ensurance of democratic liberties.
The National Council of National Reconciliation and
Concord will organize the free and democratic general elections provided for in
Article 9 (b) and decide the procedures and modalities of these general
elections. The institutions for which the general elections are to be held will
be agreed upon through consultations between the two South Vietnamese parties.
The National Council of National Reconciliation and Concord will also decide
the procedures and modalities of such local elections as the two South
Vietnamese parties agree upon.
Article 13
The question of
Vietnamese armed forces in South Viet-Nam shall be settled by the two South
Vietnamese parties in a spirit of national reconciliation and concord, equality
and mutual respect, without foreign interference, in accordance with the
postwar situation. Among the questions to be discussed by the
two South Vietnamese parties are steps to reduce their military effectives and
to demobilize the troops being reduced. The two South Vietnamese parties will
accomplish this as soon as possible.
Article 14
South Viet-Nam will
pursue a foreign policy of peace and independence. It will be prepared to
establish relations with all countries irrespective of their political and
social systems on the basis of mutual respect for independence and sovereignty
and accept economic and technical aid from any country with no political
conditions attached. The acceptance of military aid by South Viet-Nam in the
future shall come under the authority of the government set up after the
general elections in South Viet-Nam provided for in Article 9 (b).
Chapter V
THE REUNIFICATION OF VIET-NAM AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH
VIET-NAM
Article 15
The reunification of
Viet-Nam shall be carried out step by step through peaceful means on the basis
of discussions and agreements between North and South Viet-Nam, without
coercion or annexation by either party, and without foreign interference. The
time for reunification will be agreed upon by North and
South Viet-Nam-Pending reunification:
(a) The military
demarcation line between the two zones at the 17th parallel is only provisional
and not a political or territorial boundary, as provided for in paragraph 6 of
the Final Declaration of the 1954 Geneva Conference.
(b) North and South
Viet-Nam shall respect the Demilitarized Zone on either side of the Provisional
Military Demarcation Line.
(c) North and South
Viet-Nam shall promptly start negotiations with a view to reestablishing-normal
relations in various fields. Among the questions to be negotiated are the
modalities of civilian movement across the Provisional Military Demarcation
Line,
(d) North and South
Viet-Nam shall not join any military alliance or military bloc and shall not
allow foreign powers to maintain military bases, troops; military advisers, and
military personnel on their respective territories, as stipulated in the 1954
Geneva Agreements on Viet-Nam.
THE JOINT MILITARY
COMMISSIONS, THE INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISION, THE
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
Article 16
(a) The Parties
participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam shall immediately designate
representatives to form a Four-Party Joint Military Commission with the task of
ensuring joint action by the parties in implementing the following provisions
of this Agreement:
- The first paragraph
of Article 2, regarding the enforcement of the cease-fire throughout South
Viet-Nam;
- Article 3 (a),
regarding the cease-fire by U.S. forces and those of the other foreign
countries referred to in that Article;
- Article 3 (c),
regarding the cease-fire between all parties in South Viet-Nam;
- Article 5, regarding
the withdrawal from South Viet-Nam of U.S. troops and those of the other
foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a);
- Article 6, regarding
the dismantlement of military bases in South Viet-Nam of the United States and
those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a);
- Article 8 (a),
regarding the return of captured military personnel and foreign civilians of
the parties;
- Article 8 (b),
regarding the mutual assistance of the parties in getting information about
those military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties missing in
action.
(b) The Four-Party
Joint Military Commission shall operate in accordance with the principle of
consultations and unanimity. Disagreements shall be referred to the
International Commission of Control and Supervision.
(c) The Four-Party
Joint Military Commission shall begin operating immediately after the signing
of this Agreement and end its activities in sixty days, after the completion of
the withdrawal of U.S. troops and those of the other foreign countries
mentioned in Article 3 (a) and the completion of the return of captured
military personnel and foreign civilians of the parties.
(d) The four parties
shall agree immediately on the organization, the working procedure, means of
activity, and expenditures of the Four-Party Joint Military Commission.
Article 17
(a) The two South
Vietnamese parties shall immediately designate representatives to form a
Two-Party Joint Military Commission with the task of ensuring joint action by
the two South Vietnamese parties in implementing the following provisions of
this Agreement:
- The first paragraph
of Article 2, regarding the enforcement of the cease-fire throughout South
Viet-Nam, when the Four-Party Joint Military Commission has ended its
activities;
- Article 3 (b),
regarding the cease-fire between the two South Vietnamese parties;
- Article 3 (c),
regarding the cease-fire between all parties in South Viet-Nam, when the
Four-Party Joint Military Commission has ended its activities;
- Article 7, regarding
the prohibition of the introduction of troops into South Viet-Nam and all other
provisions of this Article;
- Article 8 (c),
regarding the question of the return of Vietnamese civilian personnel captured
and detained in South Viet-Nam;
- Article 1 3,
regarding the reduction of the military effectives of the two South Vietnamese
parties and the demobilization of the troops being reduced.
(b) Disagreements
shall be referred to the International Commission of Control and Supervision.
(c) After the signing
of this Agreement, the Two-Party Joint Military Commission shall agree immediately
on the measures and organization aimed at enforcing the cease-fire and
preserving peace in South Viet-Nam,
Article 18
(a) After the signing
of this Agreement, an International Commission of Control and Supervision shall
be established immediately.
(b) Until the
International Conference provided for in Article 19 makes definitive
arrangements, the International Commission of Control and Supervision will
report to the four parties on matters concerning the control and supervision of
the implementation of the following provisions of this Agreement:
- The first paragraph
of Article 2, regarding the enforcement of the cease-fire throughout South
Viet-Nam;
- Article 3 (a),
regarding the cease-fire by U.S. forces and those of the other foreign countries
referred to in that Article;
- Article 3 (c),
regarding the cease-fire between all the parties in South Viet-Nam;
- Article 5, regarding
the withdrawal from South Viet-Nam of U.S. troops and those of the other
foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a);
- Article 6, regarding
the dismantlement of military bases in South Viet-Nam of the United States and
those of the other foreign countries mentioned in Article 3 (a);
- Article 8 (a),
regarding the return of captured military personnel and foreign civilians of
the parties.
The International
Commission of Control and Supervision shall form control teams for carrying out
its tasks. The four parties shall agree immediately on the location and
operation of these teams. The parties will facilitate their operation.
(c) Until the
International Conference makes definitive arrangements, the International
Commission of Control and Supervision will report to the two South Vietnamese
parties on matters concerning the control and supervision of the implementation
of the following provisions of this Agreement:
- The first paragraph
of Article 2, regarding the enforcement of the cease-fire throughout South
Viet-Nam, when the Four-Party Joint Military Commission has ended its
activities;
- Article 3 (b),
regarding the cease-fire between the two South Vietnamese parties;
- Article 3 (c),
regarding the cease-fire between all parties in South Viet-Nam, when the
Four-Party Joint Military Commission has ended its activities;
- Article 7, regarding
the prohibition of the introduction of troops into South Viet-Nam and all other
provisions of this Article;
- Article 8 (c),
regarding the question of the return of Vietnamese civilian personnel captured
and detained in South Viet-Nam;
- Article 9 (b),
regarding the free and democratic general elections in South Viet-Nam;
- Article 13,
regarding the reduction of the military effectives of the two South Vietnamese
parties and the demobilization of the troops being reduced.
The International
Commission of Control and Supervision shall form control teams for carrying out
its tasks. The two South Vietnamese parties shall agree immediately on the
location and operation of these teams. The two South Vietnamese parties will
facilitate their operation.
(d) The International
Commission of Control and Supervision shall be composed of representatives of
four countries: Canada, Hungary, Indonesia and Poland. The chairmanship of this
Commission will rotate among the members for specific periods to be determined
by the Commission.
(e) The International
Commission of Control and Supervision shall carry out its tasks in accordance
with the principle of respect for the sovereignty of South Viet-Nam.
(f) The International
Commission of Control and Supervision shall operate in accordance with the principle
of consultations and unanimity.
(g) The International
Commission of Control and Supervision shall begin operating when a cease-fire
comes into force in Viet-Nam. As regards the provisions in Article 18 (b)
concerning the four parties, the International Commission of Control and
Supervision shall end its activities when the Commission's tasks
of control and supervision regarding these provisions have been fulfilled. As
regards the provisions in Article 18 (c) concerning the two South Vietnamese
parties, the International Commission of Control and Supervision shall end its
activities on the request of the government formed after the general
elections in South Viet-Nam provided for in Article 9 (b).
(h) The four parties
shall agree immediately on the organization, means of activity, and
expenditures of the International Commission of Control and Supervision. The
relationship between the International Commission and the International
Conference will be agreed upon by the International Commission and the International
Conference.
Article 19
The parties agree on
the convening of an International Conference within thirty days of the signing
of this Agreement to acknowledge the signed agreements; to guarantee the ending
of the war, the maintenance of peace in Viet-Nam, the respect of the Vietnamese
people's fundamental national rights, and the South Vietnamese people's right
to self-determination; and to contribute to and guarantee peace in Indochina.
The United States and
the Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam, on behalf of the parties participating in
the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam will propose to the following parties that
they participate in this International Conference: the People's Republic of
China, the Republic of France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the
United Kingdom, the four countries of the International Commission of Control
and Supervision, and the Secretary General of the United Nations, together with
the parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam.
Chapter VII
REGARDING CAMBODIA AND LAOS
Article 20
(a) The parties
participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam shall strictly respect the
1954 Geneva Agreements on Cambodia's and the 1954 Geneva Agreements on Laos,
which recognized the Cambodian and the Lao peoples' fundamental national
rights, i.e., the independence, sovereignty, unity, and
territorial integrity of these countries. The parties shall respect the
neutrality of Cambodia and Laos.
The parties
participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam undertake to refrain from
using the territory of Cambodia and the territory of Laos to encroach on the
sovereignty and security of one another and of other countries.
(b) Foreign countries
shall put an end to all military activities in Cambodia and Laos, totally
withdraw from and refrain from reintroducing into these two countries troops,
military advisers and military personnel, armaments, munitions and war
material.
(c) The internal
affairs of Cambodia and Laos shall be settled by the people of each of these
countries without foreign interference.
(d) The problems
existing between the Indochinese countries shall be settled by the Indochinese
parties on the basis of respect for each other's independence, sovereignty, and
territorial integrity, and non-interference in each other's internal affairs.
Chapter VIII
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF
VIET-NAM
Article 21
The United States
anticipates that this Agreement will usher in an era of reconciliation with the
Democratic Republic of Viet-Nam as with all the peoples of Indochina. In
pursuance of its traditional policy, the United States will contribute to
healing the wounds of war and to postwar reconstruction of the Democratic
Republic of Viet-Nam and throughout Indochina.
Article 22
The ending of the war,
the restoration of peace in Viet-Nam, and the strict implementation of this
Agreement will create conditions for establishing a new, equal and mutually
beneficial relationship between the United States and the Democratic Republic
of Viet-Nam on the basis of respect for each other's independence and
sovereignty, and non-interference in each other's internal affairs. At the same
time this will ensure stable peace in Viet-Nam and contribute to the
preservation of lasting peace in Indochina and Southeast Asia.
Chapter IX
OTHER PROVISIONS
Article 23
This Agreement shall
enter into force upon signature by plenipotentiary representatives of the
parties participating in the Paris Conference on Viet-Nam. All the parties
concerned shall strictly implement this Agreement and its Protocols. Done in
Paris this twenty-seventh day of January, one thousand nine hundred and
seventy-three, in English and Vietnamese. The English and Vietnamese texts are
official and equally authentic.
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FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF |
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF |
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William P. Rogers |
Tran Van Lam |
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FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF |
FOR THE PROVISIONAL REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT
OF |
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Nguyen Duy Trinh |
Nguyen Thi Binh |
Agreement on Ending
the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam, signed in Paris and entered into force
January 17, 1973.
(Text from TIAS 7542 (24 UST 4-23))
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