Tuesday, November 4, 2025

20251104 CDTL Bản Ghi Nhớ Cuộc Hợp Về Đông Dương Washington 17 July 1974 D131

20251104 CDTL Bản Ghi Nhớ Cuộc Hợp Về Đông Dương Washington 17 July 1974 D131


131. Memorandum for the Record 1

Washington, July 17, 1974, 10:50–11:20 a.m.

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d131

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_532

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_533

Washington, July 17, 1974, 10:50–11:20 a.m.

SUBJECT

  • WSAG Meeting on Indochina

PARTICIPANTS

  • Dr. Kissinger/NSC
  • Mr. Ingersoll/State
  • Mr. Clements/OSD
  • Mr. Colby/CIA
  • Mr. Stearns/State
  • Mr. Ellsworth/OSD
  • Ambassador Martin/State
  • Mr. Stoddert/State
  • Mr. Vest/State
  • Mr. Lord/State
  • General Brown/CJCS
  • LG Pauly/JCS
  • Mr. Shackley/CIA
  • Mr. Kennedy/NSC
  • Mr. Smyser/NSC
  • Mr. Stearman/NSC
  • RAdm Bigley/OSD

Mr. Colby gave a briefing on the Indochina situation including an assessment on Lao Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma’s medical condition. Following this, Dr. Kissinger stated that the purpose of getting everyone together on Indochina was to again state that the basic U.S. policy is to preserve South Vietnam and to implore all agencies to fully support this policy, not just token support—we must do everything we can to assist.2 Dr. Kissinger said that the survival of Vietnam is vital to the other things we are doing in the foreign policy field throughout the world. He went on to say that we cannot have lost 50,000 men in a country and write it off. Secretary Ingersoll interjected that our problem is on the Hill (Capitol) with funding support. Dr. Kissinger said we all must do what we can in that regard and he will do whatever he can to gain support from the Hill.

Dr. Kissinger asked Mr. Colby how many North Vietnamese had been killed this past year in South Vietnam and what his assessment was of the ability of the North Vietnamese to “knock over” South Vietnam [Page 532] Mr. Colby said the North Vietnamese had lost approximately 40,000 killed in South Vietnam this past year and using a figure of 3 to 1 for wounded vs killed, he estimated a little over 100,000 total casualties had been incurred by the North Vietnamese. Dr. Kissinger interjected that 40,000 killed in a country of 20 million population was equivalent to 400,000 casualties for the U.S. He mused that he did not understand how they could sustain these high casualties. Mr. Colby agreed and said that they had lost one million men in the past nine to ten years and that they needed some young fellow in Hanoi about 45 years of age, to convince them that they are on a “no win” policy. In Mr. Colby’s view, North Vietnam is not capable of “knocking over” South Vietnam. He said there may be increased levels of fighting but in view of the strength, both political and military, of South Vietnam, and the limits on outside support to North Vietnam, he felt there was no way that the North could be successful as long as the United States maintained its current level of support. Dr. Kissinger made the statement that the only thing that could cause the demise of the South was the lack of American support.

The discussion then went to various “signals” which could be given to Hanoi should they launch any kind of an offensive in South Vietnam. The possibility of deploying a carrier back in the Tonkin Gulf was suggested by Dr. Kissinger and concurred in by General Brown. Dr. Kissinger told Ambassador Martin that he would await Martin’s signal to determine when would be a proper time to make such a deployment. Dr. Kissinger then made the statement that he was speaking for the President as well as himself when he said that our policy regarding South Vietnam was serious.

Mr. Clements brought up the subject of the F5E program for South Vietnam and the reasons for having to deobligate the monies in FY74 which were earmarked for F5E procurement. (This issue has been a source of contention between Ambassador Martin and DOD in recent days and Mr. Clements obviously brought it up to clarify DOD’s position with Ambassador Martin.) Dr. Kissinger interjected in a humorous vein that we have a tough ambassador here so don’t treat him like an ordinary ambassador. Ambassador Martin said his concern was not the F5E’s per se, but was rather the psychological impact that this issue would have on the South Vietnamese. Ambassador Martin went on to say that we need to establish confidence in U.S. support in the eyes of the South Vietnamese.3

[Page 533]

The discussion then turned to Thailand. Mr. Colby brought up the subject of NSSM 249,4 which is currently under review concerning force levels in Thailand. Mr. Colby stated that he did not concur with the proposed option to draw down the U.S. forces in Thailand to 7,000, or to 3,000 which was another option. General Brown indicated that this was all under review and that he was not up-to-speed on the exact numbers or the force levels which are under consideration. Dr. Kissinger indicated some concern in this matter and stated he was not in favor of a rapid draw-down in Thailand because of the “signal” it might give Hanoi, and that he was opposed to going below a 27,000 level in Thailand. (A Presidential decision has already been made to draw-down to 24,500 by the end of FY75.)

Mr. Colby then brought up the subject of the contingency study “North Vietnamese Strategy in Indochina—Proposed Counter Strategy” which had been authored primarily by CIA. The paper concludes that North Vietnam continues to pursue a strategy designed to secure eventual hegemony over all of Indochina, but with changed tactics since the direct U.S. military role has been reduced. The study recommends certain actions which encompass a campaign of propaganda and covert actions against the continued presence of NVA forces in Laos, and proposed to accomplish by covert and overt means splits between the Pathet Lao and the North Vietnamese. There was a very brief discussion on the paper and Dr. Kissinger asked if there were any objections to it and in the absence of such objections he approved the concept.

Dr. Kissinger chided Mr. Colby over his dire predictions of a year ago on the ability of Cambodia to survive this past year. Colby replied that he was mistaken and that Dr. Kissinger had a good memory. Dr. Kissinger kidded that you can never get into trouble making mistakes like that. (Dr. Kissinger is obviously pleased with the recent military successes of the Khmer government.)

The discussion then turned to the P3 reconnaissance flights from U-Tapao and the recent Thai request to Ambassador Kintner to terminate such flights.5 A brief discussion followed as to how this situation came about and what we could do to get the flights reinstituted. Ambassador Martin stated that he was sure that we could get these reconnaissance flights reinstituted, but that we may have to stand-down for a short period of time (3–4 weeks). Dr. Kissinger was clearly in favor of having these flights reinstituted but agreed to wait for further word from Ambassador Kintner as to what actions the latter was taking to get the Thai decision reversed.

Google Translated

Washington, ngày 17 tháng 7 năm 1974, 10:50–11:20 sáng

CHỦ ĐỀ

Cuộc họp WSAG về Đông Dương

THÀNH VIÊN

Tiến sĩ Kissinger/NSC

Ông Ingersoll/Ngoại giao

Ông Clements/OSD

Ông Colby/CIA

Ông Stearns/Ngoại giao

Ông Ellsworth/OSD

Đại sứ Martin/Ngoại giao

Ông Stoddert/Ngoại giao

Ông Vest/Ngoại giao

Ông Lord/Ngoại giao

Tướng Brown/CJCS

Thiếu tướng Pauly/JCS

Ông Shackley/CIA

Ông Kennedy/NSC

Ông Smyser/NSC

Ông Stearman/NSC

Đô đốc Bigley/OSD

Ông Colby đã tóm tắt tình hình Đông Dương bao gồm đánh giá về tình hình sức khỏe của Thủ tướng Lào Souvanna Phouma. Sau đó, Tiến sĩ Kissinger tuyên bố rằng mục đích của việc tập hợp mọi người lại với nhau về Đông Dương là để một lần nữa khẳng định rằng chính sách cơ bản của Hoa Kỳ là bảo vệ Nam Việt Nam và kêu gọi tất cả các cơ quan ủng hộ hoàn toàn chính sách này, chứ không chỉ là sự ủng hộ mang tính hình thức—chúng ta phải làm mọi thứ có thể để hỗ trợ. Tiến sĩ Kissinger nói rằng sự tồn tại của Việt Nam là rất quan trọng đối với những việc khác mà chúng ta đang làm trong lĩnh vực chính sách đối ngoại trên toàn thế giới. Ông tiếp tục nói rằng chúng ta không thể để mất 50.000 người ở một quốc gia và xóa bỏ nó. Bộ trưởng Ingersoll xen vào rằng vấn đề của chúng ta nằm ở Hill Capitol (Điện Capitol) với hỗ trợ tài chính. Tiến sĩ Kissinger nói rằng tất cả chúng ta phải làm những gì có thể về vấn đề này và ông sẽ làm bất cứ điều gì có thể để giành được sự ủng hộ từ Đồi Capitol.

Tiến sĩ Kissinger hỏi ông Colby có bao nhiêu quân Bắc Việt đã bị giết trong năm qua ở Nam Việt Nam và ông đánh giá thế nào về khả năng "đánh sập" Nam Việt Nam của Bắc Việt. [Trang 532]

Ông Colby cho biết Bắc Việt đã mất khoảng 40.000 người tử trận ở Nam Việt Nam trong năm qua và với tỷ lệ 3:1 giữa thương vong và tử trận, ông ước tính tổng cộng Bắc Việt đã phải chịu hơn 100.000 thương vong. Tiến sĩ Kissinger xen vào rằng 40.000 người tử trận ở một quốc gia 20 triệu dân tương đương với 400.000 thương vong đối với Hoa Kỳ. Ông trầm ngâm rằng ông không hiểu làm thế nào họ có thể chịu đựng được con số thương vong cao như vậy. Ông Colby đồng ý và nói rằng họ đã mất một triệu người trong chín đến mười năm qua và họ cần một chàng trai trẻ khoảng 45 tuổi ở Hà Nội để thuyết phục họ rằng họ đang theo đuổi chính sách "không thể thắng". Theo quan điểm của ông Colby, Bắc Việt Nam không có khả năng "đánh bại" Nam Việt Nam. Ông nói rằng có thể sẽ có những cuộc giao tranh gia tăng, nhưng xét đến sức mạnh chính trị và quân sự của Nam Việt Nam, cùng với những hạn chế về hỗ trợ từ bên ngoài dành cho Bắc Việt, ông cảm thấy miền Bắc không thể nào thành công chừng nào Hoa Kỳ vẫn duy trì mức hỗ trợ hiện tại. Tiến sĩ Kissinger tuyên bố rằng điều duy nhất có thể dẫn đến sự sụp đổ của miền Nam là sự thiếu hụt hỗ trợ của Mỹ.

Cuộc thảo luận sau đó chuyển sang các "tín hiệu" khác nhau có thể được đưa ra cho Hà Nội nếu họ phát động bất kỳ cuộc tấn công nào vào Nam Việt Nam. Tiến sĩ Kissinger đề nghị khả năng triển khai một tàu sân bay trở lại Vịnh Bắc Bộ và được Tướng Brown đồng tình. Tiến sĩ Kissinger nói với Đại sứ Martin rằng ông sẽ chờ tín hiệu của Martin để xác định thời điểm thích hợp để tiến hành. Sau đó, Tiến sĩ Kissinger tuyên bố rằng ông đang nói thay mặt Tổng thống cũng như thay mặt chính mình khi nói rằng chính sách của chúng ta đối với Nam Việt Nam là nghiêm túc.

Ông Clements nêu ra vấn đề về chương trình F5E cho Nam Việt Nam và lý do phải bãi bỏ nghĩa vụ tài chính trong năm tài chính 1974 vốn được dành cho việc mua sắm F5E. (Vấn đề này đã là nguồn gây tranh cãi giữa Đại sứ Martin và Bộ Quốc phòng trong những ngày gần đây và rõ ràng là ông Clements đã nêu vấn đề này để làm rõ lập trường của Bộ Quốc phòng với Đại sứ Martin.) Tiến sĩ Kissinger xen vào một cách hài hước rằng chúng ta có một vị đại sứ cứng rắn ở đây nên đừng đối xử với ông ấy như một vị đại sứ bình thường. Đại sứ Martin cho biết mối quan tâm của ông không phải là bản thân F5E, mà là tác động tâm lý mà vấn đề này sẽ gây ra cho người dân Nam Việt Nam. Đại sứ Martin tiếp tục nói rằng chúng ta cần xây dựng niềm tin vào sự hỗ trợ của Hoa Kỳ trong mắt người dân Nam Việt Nam. [Trang 533]

Cuộc thảo luận sau đó chuyển sang Thái Lan. Ông Colby nêu ra vấn đề NSSM 249, hiện đang được xem xét liên quan đến số lượng quân tại Thái Lan. Ông Colby tuyên bố rằng ông không đồng tình với phương án đề nghị giảm quân số Hoa Kỳ tại Thái Lan xuống còn 7.000, hoặc xuống còn 3.000, một phương án khác. Tướng Brown cho biết tất cả những điều này đang được xem xét và ông không nắm rõ con số chính xác hoặc số lượng quân đang được xem xét. Tiến sĩ Kissinger bày tỏ một số lo ngại về vấn đề này và tuyên bố ông không ủng hộ việc rút quân nhanh chóng tại Thái Lan vì "tín hiệu" mà nó có thể gửi đến Hà Nội, và ông phản đối việc giảm xuống dưới mức 27.000 quân tại Thái Lan. (Tổng thống đã quyết định giảm quân xuống còn 24.500 vào cuối năm tài chính 1975.)

Sau đó, ông Colby đề cập đến nghiên cứu dự phòng “Chiến lược Bắc Việt tại Đông Dương – Đề nghị Chiến lược Đối phó” do CIA biên soạn. Nghiên cứu kết luận rằng Bắc Việt tiếp tục theo đuổi một chiến lược được thiết kế để bảo đảm quyền bá chủ cuối cùng trên toàn bộ Đông Dương, nhưng với những thay đổi chiến thuật do vai trò quân sự trực tiếp của Hoa Kỳ đã bị thu hẹp. Nghiên cứu đề nghị một số hành động bao gồm một chiến dịch tuyên truyền và các hoạt động bí mật chống lại sự hiện diện liên tục của lực lượng Bắc Việt tại Lào, và đề nghị thực hiện bằng các biện pháp bí mật và công khai để chia rẽ Pathet Lào và Bắc Việt. Có một cuộc thảo luận rất ngắn về nghiên cứu này và Tiến sĩ Kissinger hỏi liệu có bất kỳ phản đối nào đối với nó không và vì không có phản đối nào nên ông đã chấp thuận khái niệm này.

Tiến sĩ Kissinger đã khiển trách ông Colby về những dự đoán bi quan của ông này một năm trước về khả năng Campuchia có thể vượt qua được năm qua. Colby trả lời rằng ông đã nhầm lẫn và Tiến sĩ Kissinger có trí nhớ tốt. Tiến sĩ Kissinger nói đùa rằng mắc sai lầm như vậy thì chẳng bao giờ gặp rắc rối. (Rõ ràng Tiến sĩ Kissinger rất hài lòng với những thành công quân sự gần đây của chính quyền Khmer.)

Cuộc thảo luận sau đó chuyển sang các chuyến bay trinh sát P3 từ U-Tapao và yêu cầu gần đây của Thái Lan đối với Đại sứ Kintner về việc chấm dứt các chuyến bay như vậy. Một cuộc thảo luận ngắn sau đó về nguyên nhân dẫn đến tình huống này và những gì chúng ta có thể làm để khôi phục các chuyến bay. Đại sứ Martin tuyên bố rằng ông chắc chắn rằng chúng ta có thể khôi phục các chuyến bay trinh sát này, nhưng chúng ta có thể phải tạm dừng trong một khoảng thời gian ngắn (3–4 tuần). Tiến sĩ Kissinger rõ ràng ủng hộ việc khôi phục các chuyến bay này nhưng đồng ý chờ Đại sứ Kintner cho biết thêm về những hành động mà ông này sẽ thực hiện để đảo ngược quyết định của Thái Lan.

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d131

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_532

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/pg_533

Thân thế (các) nhân vật/

Brown, George S.,

General, USAF, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from July 1, 1974

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Scratchley_Brown

https://www.jcs.mil/About/The-Joint-Staff/Chairman/General-George-Scratchley-Brown/

https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/107590/general-george-scratchley-brown/

https://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/gsbrown.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff

Clements, William P., Jr.,

Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1973

https://ns.clementspapers.org/about

https://www.clementscenter.org/william-clements-jr/

https://history.defense.gov/DOD-History/Deputy-Secretaries-of-Defense/Article-View/Article/585224/william-p-clements-jr/

https://www.clementscenter.org/clements-digitization-project/

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v35/d193

https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/clements-william-perry-jr-bill

https://clementspapers.org/

Colby, William E

Director of the Far East Division, Operations Directorate, Central Intelligence Agency

Executive Director, Central Intelligence Agency until August 1973; Director of Central Intelligence from September 4, 1973

https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB362/index.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Nobody_Knew

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/former-cia-directors-death-raises-questions-divides-family_n_1130176

https://vva.org/arts-of-war/documentaries/new-doc-on-the-mysterious-death-of-william-colby/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Colby

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Colby

Ellsworth, Robert,

Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from June 1974

https://history.defense.gov/DOD-History/Deputy-Secretaries-of-Defense/Article-View/Article/585216/robert-f-ellsworth/

https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/12/us/politics/12ellsworth.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Defense_for_International_Security_Affairs

https://www.nixonfoundation.org/2011/05/robert-ellsworth-1926-2011/

https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=E000148

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/robert-f-ellsworth-former-congressman-and-nixon-aide-dies-at-84/2011/05/09/AFKYhlkG_story.html

Hill, Robert C.,

Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from May 11, 1973, until January 5, 1974

https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/agents/people/1226

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_Defense_for_International_Security_Affairs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_C._Hill

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Costa_Rica

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_El_Salvador

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Mexico

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Spain

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Argentina

Ingersoll, Robert S.,

Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from January 8 until July 9, 1974; Deputy Secretary of State from July 10, 1974, until March 31, 1976

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/ingersoll-robert-stephen

https://www.state.gov/biographies-list/

https://www.state.gov/resources-bureau-of-global-talent-management/#ambassadors

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/chiefsofmission/japan

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/principalofficers/assistant-secretary-for-east-asian-pacific-affairs

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/principalofficers/deputy-secretary

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._Ingersoll

https://news.uchicago.edu/story/robert-s-ingersoll-trustee-emeritus-former-us-ambassador-japan-1914-2010

https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/29/world/asia/29ingersoll.html

https://www.chicagotribune.com/2010/08/26/robert-ingersoll-former-borg-warner-chairman-and-deputy-secretary-of-state-under-president-nixon-2/

https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-robert-ingersoll-20100828-story.html

Kennedy, Richard T.,

Colonel, USA, member, National Security Council staff; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Council planning from 1973 until 1975

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_T._Kennedy

https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf4000034s/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Management

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/kennedy-richard-thomas

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/kennedy-richard-thomas

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/principalofficers/under-secretary-for-mgmt

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/chiefsofmission/representative-to-iaea

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/principalofficers/ambassador-at-large

Kintner, William,

U.S. Ambassador to Thailand from 1973 until 1975

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kintner

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/kintner-william-roscoe

https://www.state.gov/biographies-list/

https://www.state.gov/resources-bureau-of-global-talent-management/#ambassadors

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/chiefsofmission/thailand

https://www.fpri.org/article/1997/07/william-r-kintner-an-appreciation/

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve12/d22

https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/document/0324/1553587.pdf

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/02/22/archives/new-thai-government-seated-us-ambassador-is-reassigned.html

Henry A Kissinger

Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until November 3, 1975; also Secretary of State from September 21, 1973

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/20/bilderberg-meeting-group-lisbon-kissinger

https://www.theguardian.com/world/bilderberg

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve13/summary

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip

https://china.usc.edu/sites/default/files/styles/article_node_featured/public/article/featured-image/kissinger-zhou-sm_0.jpg?itok=qDjPx2_m

https://china.usc.edu/catalog/documents/us-china

http://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2001/nr01-47.html

https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-july-22-august-3-2011

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#meetings

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#nixon-announcement

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#chinese-accept

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#signals

https://china.usc.edu/getting-beijing-henry-kissingers-secret-1971-trip#the_aim

http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/23927/richard-m-nixon/asia-after-viet-nam

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d4

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d12

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d13

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v17/d141

https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger_and_the_Vietnam_War

Lesson in Vietnam from Kissinger to Nixon: “when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war”, we would not help them fight it.”

(We also had trouble with excesses here: when we made it “our war” we would not let the South Vietnamese fight it; when it again became “their war,” we would not help them fight it. Ironically, we prepared the South Vietnamese for main force warfare after 1954 (anticipating another Korean-type attack), and they faced a political war; they had prepared themselves for political warfare after 1973 only to be faced with a main force invasion 20 years after it had been expected.)

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d280

Lesson of Vietnam May 12 1975 by Henry A. Kissinger

https://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/exhibits/vietnam/032400091-002.pdf

https://thebattleofkontum.com/extras/kissinger.html

“Richard M. Nixon and Kissinger on 3 August 1972,” Conversation 760-006, Presidential Recordings Digital Edition [Fatal Politics, ed. Ken Huges] (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2014-). URL:https://prde.upress.virginia.edu/conversations/4006748 

https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0

https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/educational-resources/nixon-kissinger-and-the-decent-interval

https://player.vimeo.com/video/889937807?h=e44572c8f3&color=e57200&title=0&byline=0&portrait=0

Discover the Truth at:

http://www.theblackvault.com

https://www.theblackvault.com/documentarchive/the-cias-vietnam-document-cd-rom/

Lord, Winston,

member, National Security Council staff until 1973; Director of the Policy Planning Staff, Department of State from October 1973 until January 1977

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Lord

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_China

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_Policy_Planning

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/19981208.pdf

https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/19991104.pdf

https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/document/22669-document-04-winston-lord-director-policy

https://www.ncafp.org/about-us/faps-board-of-advisors/ambassador-winston-lord/

Martin, Graham A.,

Ambassador to the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) from July 20, 1973, until April 29, 1975

https://www.fallofsaigon.org/orig/martin.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Martin

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_South_Vietnam

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Italy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Thailand

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_of_the_United_States_to_the_European_Office_of_the_United_Nations

https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/martin-graham-anderson

https://www.state.gov/biographies-list/

https://www.state.gov/resources-bureau-of-global-talent-management/#ambassadors

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_South_Vietnam

Nixon Richard M.,

Vice President of the United States

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon

https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/

https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm

Nixon, Richard M.,

President of the United States

https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/100324.pdf

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/richard-m-nixon

https://www.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/14-nov-68-lbj-and-nixon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva/sets/14-november-1968-president-lyndon-johnson-and-president-elect-richard-nixon

https://soundcloud.com/the-miller-center-at-uva

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/notes-indicate-nixon-interfered-1968-peace-talks-180961627/

https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/26l17xNsW8a8pOyGibbKE-32dgE=/1000x750/filters:no_upscale()/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer/f4/cb/f4cb92c9-4131-4e0f-ae4a-307144393214/nixoncampaigns.jpg

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/peopleevents/e_paris.html

https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vietnam-war-for-political-gainand-johnson-knew-about-it-newly-unclassified-tapes-suggest-3595441/

http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/nixons-vietnam-treachery.html

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/31/opinion/sunday/haldeman-notes.html

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/index.php

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v07/ch5

http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2015/08/09/dont_blame_nixon_for_scuttled_peace_overture_127667.html

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/bundy.htm

https://www.lovethetruth.com/books/13_bloodlines/toc.htm

Nixon had a Trip to China from February 21 to 28 1972,

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/nixons-trip-china

http://www.presidentialtimeline.org/

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.pdf

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10a.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-656-10b.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1a.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-92-1b.mp3

https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/tapeexcerpts/china-21-56.mp3

https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/nuclear-vault-vietnam/2023-03-24/movement-and-madman

The Vietnam War Johnson and Nixon Administrations Videos

March 2, 2016 Last Aired May 5, 2016

Reflections on Richard Nixon

https://www.c-span.org/program/the-presidency/reflections-on-richard-nixon/431130

July 16, 1973 Last Aired July 22, 2013

Senate Watergate Committee Testimony

https://www.c-span.org/program/vignette/senate-watergate-committee-testimony/316346

April 26, 2016 Last Aired June 5, 2016

Vietnam War Commander in Chief

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/vietnam-war-commanders-in-chief/439971

June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 22, 2013

Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 2

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-2/258425

June 12, 2008 Last Aired July 15, 2013

Alexander Butterfield Oral History Interview, Part 1

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/alexander-butterfield-oral-history-interview-part-1/257651

January 27, 2012 Last Aired June 11, 2012

President Nixon's Secret White House Tapes

https://www.c-span.org/program/american-history-tv/president-nixons-secret-white-house-tapes/277123

July 25, 1994 Last Aired June 20, 2008

Watergate: Corruption of American Politics

https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/watergate-corruption-of-american-politics/119480

February 16, 2003 Last Aired December 25, 2003

Presidential Tapes: Taping Systems History

https://www.c-span.org/program/public-affairs-event/presidential-tapes-taping-systems-history/122572

Alexander Butterfield: The 60 Minutes Watergate Interview (1975)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ss9AkLUmM4g

Watergate Hearing: Alexander Butterfield Testimony

https://www.c-span.org/clip/congress-investigates/watergate-hearing-alexander-butterfield-testimony/5118203

Alexander Butterfield Was ‘Worried To Death’ Testifying Against Nixon

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c52oIe3Gj6w

How Nixon’s Invasion of Cambodia Triggered a Check on Presidential Power

Vietnam War Cambodia and Laos

https://www.history.com/articles/nixon-war-powers-act-vietnam-war-cambodia

Pauly, John W.,

Lieutenant General, USAF, Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1975

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Pauly

https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/105987/general-john-w-pauly/

https://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/jwpauly.htm

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/john-w-pauly-air-force-general/2013/09/09/c95de62e-196b-11e3-82ef-a059e54c49d0_story.html

https://www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/466862/

https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/John_W._Pauly

Shackley, Theodore,

Central Intelligence Agency

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Shackley

http://historicalmilitaria.com/Obituaries/Shackley.html

https://spartacus-educational.com/JFKshackley.htm

https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/studies-in-intelligence/volume-49-no-4/the-intelligence-officers-bookshelf/

Smyser, W. Richard,

member, National Security Council Operations staff/East Asia from 1973 until 1975

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v06/d330

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/wr-smyser-us-diplomat-turned-historian-of-postwar-germany-dies-at-86/2018/04/22/9d63bf0c-43f6-11e8-8569-26fda6b404c7_story.html

https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/90119/download

Souvanna Phouma, Prince

Laotian Prime Minister. Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos until 1975

Prince, half-brother of Souphanouvong, Head of Government of Laos on several occasions until 1975; represented neutralist forces

Stearman, William L.,

member, National Security Council staff

http://williamlstearman67.com/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_L._Stearman

https://prabook.com/web/william_lloyd.stearman/595382

https://www.legion.org/magazine/233034/vietnam-war-reconsidered

https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Stearman,%20William%20Lloyd.toc.pdf

https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/William_L._Stearman

https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76v10/d108

Stearns, Monteagle,

Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from December 1973

http://www.hri.org/hri/stearns.html

https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Stearns.Monteagle.pdf

https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/nomination-monteagle-stearns-be-united-states-ambassador-greece

Vest, George,

Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Press Relations from December 1973 until April 1974

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_S._Vest

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_European_Union

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/george-vest-dead/2021/08/26/a10c39b4-0689-11ec-a266-7c7fe02fa374_story.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/george-vest-dead/2021/08/26/a10c39b4-0689-11ec-a266-7c7fe02fa374_story.html

https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/nixon/e6/66723.htm

Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam Paris 27 January 1973

https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2001/10/12/656ccc0d-31ef-42a6-a3e9-ce5ee7d4fc80/publishable_en.pdf

Paris Peace Accords

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Peace_Accords

Peace Negotiations and the Paris Agreement

https://edmoise.sites.clemson.edu/paris.html

Text of Declaration by Paris Conference on Vietnam

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/03/03/archives/text-of-declaration-by-paris-conference-on-vietnam.html

Vietnam War Bibliography Translation Series

https://edmoise.sites.clemson.edu/trans.html#fbis

1954 1955 Vietnam Operation Passage to Freedom

https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nmusn/explore/photography/humanitarian/20th-century/1950-1959/1954-1955-vietnam-operation-passage-to-freedom.html

Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam Paris 27 January 1973

https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2001/10/12/656ccc0d-31ef-42a6-a3e9-ce5ee7d4fc80/publishable_en.pdf

https://www.cvce.eu/obj/agreement_on_ending_the_war_and_restoring_peace_in_vietnam_paris_27_january_1973-en-656ccc0d-31ef-42a6-a3e9-ce5ee7d4fc80.html

20120414 Hải Chiến Hoàng Sa

https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2012/04/20120414-hai-chien-hoang-sa.html

Điều chưa kể sau cuộc hải chiến Hoàng Sa 1974

https://saigonnhonews.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/141077565_10161036562590620_499246679089710973_n.jpg

https://saigonnhonews.com/thoi-su/thay-gi-tren-mang/dieu-chua-ke-sau-cuoc-hai-chien-hoang-sa-1974/

Anouncements

20241214 CDTL South Vietnam Not Bound by Geneva Accords 1954

https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2024/12/20241214-cdtl-south-vietnam-not-bound.html

20241110 CDTL Tuyên Cáo Lãnh Thổ Lãnh Hải VN

https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2024/11/20241110-cdtl-tuyen-cao-lanh-tho-lanh.html

20190910 Petition of the citizens of the Republic of Vietnam

https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2019/09/20190910-petition-of-citizens-of.html

20250130 Cộng Sản Giặc Hồ Đầu Hàng Hoa Kỳ Năm 1973

https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2024/12/20241231-ap-ba-chuc-dau-moi-mot-tham-hoa.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwvXyzo7MjM

http://vietnamsaigon.multiply.com/jou

Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam Paris 27 January 1973

https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2001/10/12/656ccc0d-31ef-42a6-a3e9-ce5ee7d4fc80/publishable_en.pdf

https://www.cvce.eu/obj/agreement_on_ending_the_war_and_restoring_peace_in_vietnam_paris_27_january_1973-en-656ccc0d-31ef-42a6-a3e9-ce5ee7d4fc80.html

Tiểu Đoàn 92 BĐQ Trung Tá Lê Văn Ngôn Với Huyền Thoại Tử Thủ 510 Ngày

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iq-IHTqo4es&t=2908s

20251008 Lê Văn Ngôn Hùng Khí Trời Nam

https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2024/04/20240413-cdtl-hung-khi-troi-nam.html

20230322 Cong Dong Tham Luan Tonle Tchombe

https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2023/03/20230322-cong-dong-tham-luan-tong-le.html

20170722 Lê Văn Ngôn với Tống Lệ Chân

https://bachvietnhan.blogspot.com/2017/07/20170722-le-van-ngon-voi-tong-le-chan.html

No comments:

Post a Comment